ArticleTobacco induced diseases2008
Tobacco use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 282 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Thirdhand Vape Residue from Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Vapes on Cells: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for thiopurine-induced myelosuppression and infections in inflammatory bowel disease patients with a normal TPMT genotype.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2017Trial
- Feasibility and patient satisfaction with smoking cessation interventions for prevention of healthcare-associated infections in inpatients.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2016Trial
- The relationship of apical periodontitis with chronic diseases and smoking habits: an umbrella review.Odontology · 2026Review
- Methicillin and inducible clindamycin resistance in Gram-positive cocci among GeneXpert-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and apparently healthy individuals in Northwest Ethiopia.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Risk of cancer among individuals with a history of bacterial sexually transmitted infections: A population-based study in Alberta, Canada.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Cigarette smoke modulates virulence-related properties and host immune responses inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Natural and synthetic chemicals acting as enhancers of bacterial pathogenic success within the human host.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Taxonomic and functional signatures of smoking and periodontitis severity in the subgingival microbiome of older adults.npj aging · 2025Article
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa carriage and associated risk factors in healthy individuals and patients from Rotterdam, Rome, and Jakarta.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Social, microbial, and immune factors linking bacterial vaginosis and infectious diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Hospitalization due to pneumonia in Australia, England, and Wales: An ecological cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2025Article
- The Oral-Gut Microbiome-Brain Axis in Cognition.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Linking antibiotic resistance genes in the vaginal microbiota to health-related behaviors and antibiotic awareness in reproductive-age women: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Tobacco-enhanced biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral microbes.Molecular oral microbiology · 2024Review
- Differences in the landscape of colonized microorganisms in different oral potentially malignant disorders and squamous cell carcinoma: a multi-group comparative study.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Long-Term Lung Consequences of Smoking and Tobacco Consumption: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- The Assessment of Infection Risk in Patients with Vitiligo Undergoing Dialysis for End-Stage Renal Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Risk factors associated with meningitis outbreak in the Upper West Region of Ghana: A matched case-control study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Attenuation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by Cigarette Smoke is Correlated with Decreased Defense Response of Oral Epithelial Cells toCurrent molecular medicine · 2024Article
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Active smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of bacterial infection. Tobacco smoke exposure increases susceptibility to respiratory tract infections, including tuberculosis, pneumonia and Legionnaires disease; bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea; Helicobacter pylori infection; periodontitis; meningitis; otitis media; and post-surgical and nosocomial infections. Tobacco smoke compromises the anti-bacterial function of leukocytes, including neutrophils, monocytes, T cells and B cells, providing a mechanistic explanation for increased infection risk. Further epidemiological, clinical and mechanistic research into this important area is warranted.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.