ReviewBMC neuroscience2008
Intranasal delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier to target therapeutic agents to the central nervous system and treat neurodegenerative disease.
Review in BMC neuroscience, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 312 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
312 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 674 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione in the management of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of oxidative biomarkers and clinical outcomes.Amino acids · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of glioma treatment strategies: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Advances and Challenges in Gene Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of intranasal breast milk administration on cerebral oxygenation, vital signs, and transition time to full oral feeding in preterm infants: a randomized controlled study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Forest terpenes and stress: Examining the associations of filtered vs. non-filtered air in a real-life natural environment.Environmental research · 2025Trial
- NeuroEPO plus (NeuralCIMAlzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Trial
- Vilazodone Hydrochloride-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier In Situ Gel for Intranasal Nose-to-Brain Antidepressant Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Intranasal Artesunate Ameliorates Hippocampal LFP Abnormalities and Cellular Apoptosis in APP/PS1 Mice via a Mechanism Involving GHRH/PI3K/AKT Signaling.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Fibroblast growth factors in ischemic stroke: Therapeutic potential and clinical challenges.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Repurposing Anticancer Drugs in Parkinson's Treatment: Molecular Pathways Driving Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Advancement.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Modelling Olfactory Dysfunction in Rodents Through Intranasal Vanadium Exposure.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetics and Brain Distribution of a Purine-Derived Neuroprotective Agent after Intranasal Administration in Neonatal Rats with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Peptide-targeted cubosome and hexosome nanoassemblies mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction in a MitoPark model.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Autonomous intranasal delivery systems for central nervous system therapeutics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Intranasal Administration of an Arginine-Enriched Penetratin Peptide Confers Neuroprotection via Mitochondrial Functional Modulation in a Genetic Parkinson's Disease Model.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Distilled Extract ofNutrients · 2026Article
- Time- and Region-Specific Effects of Intranasal Insulin on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Rat Brain.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Hypothalamic wars: the last nanodelivery.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Middle-aged mice treated with GHK-Cu peptide administered intraperitoneally or intranasally show behavioral rescue but divergent hippocampal aging programs.Research square · 2026Article
- Exploring Linalool-Based Phytotherapy for Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Lavender and Cannabis Therapeutic Effects on Sleep, Seizures, and Cognition.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
252 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intranasal delivery provides a practical, non-invasive method of bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain and spinal cord. This technology allows drugs that do not cross the BBB to be delivered to the central nervous system within minutes. It also directly delivers drugs that do cross the BBB to the brain, eliminating the need for systemic administration and its potential side effects. This is possible because of the unique connections that the olfactory and trigeminal nerves provide between the brain and external environment. Intranasal delivery does not necessarily require any modification to therapeutic agents. A wide variety of therapeutics, including both small molecules and macromolecules, can be targeted to the olfactory system and connected memory areas affected by Alzheimer's disease. Using the intranasal delivery system, researchers have reversed neurodegeneration and rescued memory in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Intranasal insulin-like growth factor-I, deferoxamine, and erythropoietin have been shown to protect the brain against stroke in animal models. Intranasal delivery has been used to target the neuroprotective peptide NAP to the brain to treat neurodegeneration. Intranasal fibroblast growth factor-2 and epidermal growth factor have been shown to stimulate neurogenesis in adult animals. Intranasal insulin improves memory, attention, and functioning in patients with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment, and even improves memory and mood in normal adult humans. This new method of delivery can revolutionize the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and other brain disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.