ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1991
Cloning of a cellular factor, interleukin binding factor, that binds to NFAT-like motifs in the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- pCancer and FOXK2 (Forkhead Box K2): Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive Roles of FOXK2 in Cancer.Biochemical genetics · 2026Review
- Review
- Identification of glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha/beta as a host factor required for HBV transcription using high-throughput screening.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2025Article
- Emerging roles of FOXK2 in cancers and metabolic disorders.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- FOXK2 transcription factor and its roles in tumorigenesis (Review).Oncology letters · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- SUMOylation modulates FOXK2-mediated paclitaxel sensitivity in breast cancer cells.Oncogenesis · 2018Article
- Forkhead box K2 modulates epirubicin and paclitaxel sensitivity through FOXO3a in breast cancer.Oncogenesis · 2015Article
- Post-transcriptional gene silencing, transcriptional gene silencing and human immunodeficiency virus.World journal of virology · 2015Review
- FOXK2 transcription factor suppresses ERα-positive breast cancer cell growth through down-regulating the stability of ERα via mechanism involving BRCA1/BARD1.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- The forkhead transcription factor FOXK2 acts as a chromatin targeting factor for the BAP1-containing histone deubiquitinase complex.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
- Kinase control of latent HIV-1 infection: PIM-1 kinase as a major contributor to HIV-1 reactivation.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- The forkhead transcription factor FOXK2 promotes AP-1-mediated transcriptional regulation.Molecular and cellular biology · 2012Article
- Cell cycle-dependent regulation of the forkhead transcription factor FOXK2 by CDK·cyclin complexes.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2010Article
- Combinatorial latency reactivation for HIV-1 subtypes and variants.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- FoxK mediates TGF-beta signalling during midgut differentiation in flies.The Journal of cell biology · 2008Article
- Proteomic analysis of nuclear factors binding to an intronic enhancer in the myelin proteolipid protein gene.Journal of neurochemistry · 2008Article
- Foxp3 represses retroviral transcription by targeting both NF-kappaB and CREB pathways.PLoS pathogens · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene expression is regulated by both general transcription factors and factors induced by activation of T lymphocytes such as NF-kappa B and the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Within the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR), two purine-rich domains between nucleotides -283 and -195 have homology to a regulatory region found in the interleukin 2 promoter, which binds NFAT and other cellular factors. In the HIV LTR, this region has been demonstrated to have both positive and negative regulatory effects on HIV gene expression. In an attempt to clone genes encoding cellular factors that bind to these NFAT-like elements in the HIV LTR, we used lambda gt11 expression cloning with oligonucleotides corresponding to these binding motifs. A ubiquitously expressed cDNA encoding a 60-kDa protein, which we termed interleukin binding factor (ILF), binds specifically to these purine-rich motifs in the HIV LTR. This factor also binds to similar purine-rich motifs in the interleukin 2 promoter, through with lower affinity than to HIV LTR sequences. Sequence analysis reveals that the DNA binding domain of ILF has strong homology to the recently described fork head DNA binding domain found in the Drosophila homeotic protein fork head and a family of hepatocyte nuclear factors, HNF-3. Other domains found in ILF include a nucleotide binding site, an N-glycosylation motif, a signal for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and a potential nuclear localization signal. These results describe a DNA binding protein that may be involved in both positive and negative regulation of important viral and cellular promoter elements.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.