ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2009
Immunologic analysis of HIV-uninfected Taiwanese children with BCG-induced disease.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency complicated by disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guérin disease caused by a novel pathogenic mutation in exon 3 of the IL2RG gene: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) complications associated with primary immunodeficiency diseases.The Journal of infection · 2012Review
- Successful Handling of Disseminated BCG Disease in a Child with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency.Case reports in medicine · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate immunity in HIV-uninfected children with bacille Calmette-Guerin-induced disease (BCG-ID) over an 8-year period, with particular emphasis on underlying diseases.
methodsPatient afflicted with BCG-ID proven by clinical courses, dermatologic features, pathology, specific polymerase chain reaction, and/or spoligotyping were enrolled between 2000 and 2007. Lymphocyte proliferation, polymorphonuclear function, interleukin (IL)-12/23-interferons (IFN)-gamma circuit, and Toll-like receptor 2-associated signaling were investigated.
resultsOf the 271,618 total live births who received the BCG vaccine, eight patients (seven males) with BCG-ID were enrolled during an 8-year period and presented as three disseminated, two distant, and three regional BCG-ID. Their age at onset ranged from 1 to 28 months. All had a vaccine-injection scar except for one with lower CD3 and natural killer cells, compatible with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) identified by IL-2 receptor common gamma chain (IL2RG) mutation (Arg226Lys). The other SCID patient with de novo IL2RG mutation (Trp74Gly) had more recurrent infections. The third patient with primary autoimmune neutropenia had disseminated BCG-ID extending to abdominal wall. The fourth patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis had regional BCG-ID and impaired lymphocyte proliferation to Candida and BCG antigens. No defective evidence of polymorphonuclear functions, IL-12/23-IFN-gamma circuit, and Toll-like receptor 2-associated signaling was detected in the remaining four patients.
conclusionImmunologic analysis in HIV-uninfected patients with BCG-ID reveals primary immunodeficiency diseases, especially in those with deficiencies in T-cell and neutrophil functions observed in our cohort, including primary autoimmune neutropenia and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
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