ArticleThe open microbiology journal2008
Toll-like receptors and viruses: induction of innate antiviral immune responses.
Article in The open microbiology journal, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Cell Signaling in Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infection and Implications for Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits pneumonia caused by PRCV through the activation of TLR4-IRF3 mediated type Ⅰ interferon pathway.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- A Lung-Immune Dual-Humanized Mouse Using Cryopreserved Tissue Enables Infection and Immune Profiling of Human Common Cold Coronaviruses.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- In silico design of novel multi-epitope peptide vaccine against Neospora caninum induced cattle abortion targeting extracellular GRA2 and Nc-p43 protein.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gut microbiome and viral infections: A hidden nexus for immune protection.World journal of virology · 2025Review
- Chronic Diseases and Influenza Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Construction and validation of a cell-in-cell related prognostic signature for hepatocellular carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Insights Into Enterovirus D68 Immunology: Unraveling the Mysteries of Host-Pathogen Interactions.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: advances and challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Leveraging immunoinformatic for the rational design of highly immunogenic multi-epitope subunit vaccines against Dugbe virus: a molecular docking and simulation approach.In silico pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
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- From defense to offense: Modulating toll-like receptors to combat arbovirus infections.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Evasion of the Antiviral Innate Immunity by PRV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Role of Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) in the Immunology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV).Viruses · 2024Review
- Multifactoral immune modulation potentiates durable remission in multiple models of aggressive malignancy.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- Role of microglia in brain development after viral infection.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- COVID-19 vaccines: current and future challenges.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Anti-Proteolytic Peptide R7I Protects the Intestinal Barrier and Alleviates Fatty Acid Malabsorption inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Induction of antiviral innate immune responses depends on a family of innate immune receptors, the Toll-like receptors (TLR). TLR mediate the antiviral immune responses by recognizing virus infection, activating signaling pathways and inducing the production of antiviral cytokines and chemokines. ssRNA and dsRNA viruses can be recognized by TLR7/8 and TLR3, respectively. TLR receptors are also involved in the recognition of viruses containing genomes rich in CpG DNA motifs as well as envelope glycoproteins. Cytoplasmic recognition of dsRNA by RNA helicases such as RIG-I and MDA5 provides another means of recognizing viral nucleic acid. In order to counteract the innate host immune system viruses evolved mechanisms that block recognition and signaling through pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs and RNA helicases. Recently, TLR agonists represent a promising approach for the treatment of infectious diseases. This review will focus on the current knowledge of TLR-mediated immune responses to several viral infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.