ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
Maintenance of host variation in tolerance to pathogens and parasites.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Article
- Overcoming Detection Lag in a Cryptic Panzootic: Chytrid Invasion Linked to Historically Enigmatic Amphibian Declines in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Pace of life predicts parasite resistance and fecundity tolerance, but not mortality tolerance, among Trinidadian guppies,Evolution letters · 2026Article
- Hybridization and Immunology in Animals: A Review.Ecology and evolution · 2026Review
- Coevolution of host resistance and pathogen exploitation in a propagule-mediated infection model.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Superspreading and the evolution of virulence.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- The polymerase-associated factor 1 complex modulates the growth-defense tradeoff inScience advances · 2025Article
- Pathogen-induced damage in Drosophila: Uncoupling disease tolerance from resistance.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Prolonged exposure to heat enhances mosquito tolerance to viral infection.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Microbial genetic variation impacts host eco-immunological strategies and microparasite fitness in Lyme borreliae-reptile system.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Adaptive potential in the face of a transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils.Molecular ecology · 2024Article
- Links between Innate and Adaptive Immunity Can Favor Evolutionary Persistence of Immunopathology.Integrative and comparative biology · 2024Article
- Multispecies interactions and the community context of the evolution of virulence.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Fungal Disease Tolerance with a Focus on Wheat: A Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Host resources and parasite traits interact to determine the optimal combination of host parasite-mitigation strategies.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Coevolution of Age-Structured Tolerance and Virulence.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2024Article
- The impact of sterility-mortality tolerance and recovery-transmission trade-offs on host-parasite coevolution.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Amphibian infection tolerance to chytridiomycosis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Building composite indices in the age of big data - Application to honey bee exposure to infectious and parasitic agents.Heliyon · 2023Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tolerance and resistance provide hosts with two distinct defense strategies against parasitism. In resistance the hosts "fight" the parasite directly, whereas in tolerance the hosts fight the disease by ameliorating the damage that infection causes. There is increasing recognition that the two mechanisms may exhibit very different evolutionary behaviors. Although empirical work has often noted considerable variance in tolerance within hosts, theory has predicted the fixation of tolerance due to positive frequency dependence through a feedback with disease prevalence. Here we reconcile these findings through a series of dynamic game theoretical models. We emphasize that there is a crucial distinction between tolerance to the effects of disease-induced mortality and tolerance to the effect of the disease-induced reductions in fecundity. Only mortality tolerance has a positive effect on parasite fitness, whereas sterility tolerance is neutral and may therefore result in polymorphisms. The nature of the costs to defense and their relationship to trade-offs between resistance and tolerance are crucial in determining the likelihood of variation, whereas the co-evolution of the parasite will not affect diversity. Our findings stress that it is important to measure the effects of different mechanisms on characteristics that affect the epidemiology of the parasite to completely understand the evolutionary dynamics of defense.
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