ReviewThe journal of spinal cord medicine2008
Outcome measures for gait and ambulation in the spinal cord injury population.
Review in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Stepping Training With External Feedback on Walking and Functional Ability in Ambulatory Patients With Spinal Cord Injury
Evaluation of Robotic Exoskeletons Therapy for Gait Rehabilitation in Patients With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Immediate Effects of Stepping Training With or Without External Feedback on Walking and Functional Ability in Ambulatory Patients With Spinal Cord Injury
First Report of a New Exoskeleton in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: FreeGait®
Investigation of the Relationship Between Lower Limb Prosthesis Usage Skills and Adaptation Level with Functional Mobility and Activities of Daily Living
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Walking Ability Outcome Measures in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Meta-analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- Facilitating Weight Shifting During Treadmill Training Improves Walking Function in Humans With Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation · 2018Trial
- Visuotemporal cues clinically improved walking ability of ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury within 5 days.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Interventions to Reduce Spasticity and Improve Function in People With Chronic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Distinctions Revealed by Different Analytical Methods.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2015Trial
- Ankle voluntary movement enhancement following robotic-assisted locomotor training in spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2014Trial
- Prediction of gait recovery in spinal cord injured individuals trained with robotic gait orthosis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2014Trial
- The effect of impedance-controlled robotic gait training on walking ability and quality in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: an explorative study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2014Trial
- Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulation Profile: a preliminary look at responsiveness.Physical therapy · 2014Trial
- Comparison of training methods to improve walking in persons with chronic spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2011Trial
- Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Markerless Video System for Gait Speed Assessment During the 10-Meter Walk Test in Outdoor Clinical Settings.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Gait pattern stratification in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury: a data-driven approach.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Article
- Lower limb rehabilitation in chronic incomplete SCI: a randomized controlled trial protocol comparing combined TMS-tSCS neuromodulation vs. tSCS alone.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Reliability and validity of the 12-item multiple sclerosis walking scale in adults with chronic cervical or thoracic incomplete spinal cord injury.Spinal cord · 2026Article
- Differences in configurations of the six-minute walk test for people with Parkinson disease.Neurodegenerative disease management · 2025Article
- Gait recovery in patients with late assessment of incomplete spinal cord injury: A retrospective study in Argentina.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Article
- Lower limb pointing to assess intersegmental dynamics after incomplete spinal cord injury and the associated role of proprioceptive impairments.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAt the 2006 National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) sponsored pre-conference on spinal cord injury (SCI) outcomes, several gait and ambulation measures were evaluated for utility in clinical practice, validity, and reliability as research measurement tools. The Conference Subcommittee on Gait and Ambulation chose to review the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II (WISCI II), 50-Foot Walk Test (50FTWT), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), and Functional Independence Measure-Locomotor (FIM-L).
methodsA subcommittee of international experts evaluated each instrument for test construct, administration, population applicability, reliability, sensitivity to change, and validity. Evaluations for each outcome measure were compiled, distributed to the whole committee, and then further reviewed with addition of comments and recommendations for consensus. An audience of experts voted on the validity and usefulness of each measure.
resultsWISCI II and 10MWT were found to be the most valid and clinically useful tests to measure improvement in gait for patients with SCI. FIM-L had little utility and validity for research in SCI. 6MWT and 50FTWT were found to be useful but in need of further validation or changes for the SCI population.
conclusionA combination of the 10MWT and WISCI II would provide the most valid measure of improvement in gait and ambulation in as much as objective changes of speed, and functional capacity allow for interval measurement. To provide the most comprehensive battery, however, it will be important to include a measure of endurance such as the 6MWT. Further validation and study should be devoted to WISCI II, 10MWT, and 6MWT as primary outcome measures for gait in SCI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.