ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2009
Protection of exendin-4 analogue in early experimental diabetic retinopathy.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists in eye disease: a comprehensive review of current research and future potential.BMC ophthalmology · 2026 · on this mapPooled it
- Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes According to Renal Function in Patients Treated With Once-Weekly Exenatide: Insights From the EXSCEL Trial.Diabetes care · 2020Trial
- Eyedrop Administration of DPP-4 Inhibitors: A New Strategy for Treating Early Stages of Diabetic Retinal Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Sight-Threatening Ophthalmic Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Exendin-4 alleviates diabetic retinopathy by activating autophagy via regulation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1 pathway.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Exosomal miR-450b-5p Secreted from Exendin-4-Stimulated Endothelial Cells Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells Against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists do not worsen diabetic macular edema.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2024Article
- Exendin-4 promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and function by inhibiting calcium channels in experimental diabetes.iScience · 2023Article
- Semaglutide-eye-catching results.World journal of diabetes · 2023Review
- Proteomic Profiling Revealed Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Photoreceptor Cells under Hyperglycemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1R Activation in the Retina.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Signaling Mechanism for Modulation by GLP-1 and Exendin-4 of GABA Receptors on Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells.Neuroscience bulletin · 2022Article
- RETRACTED: Long-Lasting Exendin-4-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Damage in Diabetic Rats.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Neurovascular Unit: A New Target for Treating Early Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Article
- Effects of the Topical Administration of Semaglutide on Retinal Neuroinflammation and Vascular Leakage in Experimental Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Candesartan Normalizes Changes in Retinal Blood Flow and p22phox in the Diabetic Rat Retina.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2021Article
- Relevance of Peptide Homeostasis in Metabolic Retinal Degenerative Disorders: Curative Potential in Genetically Modified Mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Neuroprotective Peptides in Retinal Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Relationships Between Neurodegeneration and Vascular Damage in Diabetic Retinopathy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness, affecting over 90% of diabetics. Exendin-4 (E4) is a potent and long-acting agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor. GLP-1 is an insulinotropic gut peptide, which normalizes blood glucose level and is now being tested in clinical trials as a treatment for diabetes. The purpose of our study was to explore the protective effect of subcutaneous (sc.) exendin-4 analogue (E4a) on early DR.
methodsExpression of GLP-1R was detected at both mRNA and protein levels and verified by immunohistochemistry. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were included in the experiment. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection (ip) of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into three groups: normal control (N), diabetic control (D) and E4a-treated diabetic (E4a) group. For the E4a group, the rats were treated with E4a (sc.0.05 microg/g BW/day); for the N and D groups, the rats were treated with normal saline (NS, sc). Blood glucose levels and body weight were measured weekly. Electroretinogram (ERG) was performed 1 and 3 months after diabetes onset. The retinal thickness and cell counts in each layer were evaluated under light microscopy after ERG examination.
resultsGLP-1R was expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in the retina of SD rats. Immunostaining of the rat retina revealed that GLP-1R was predominantly expressed in the inner layer of the retina. E4a can reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic rats to the normal control level. B-wave amplitudes and OPs decreased with the progress of diabetes, and E4a prevents the loss of b-wave amplitude and OPs caused by diabetes. The retinal thickness was reduced in a diabetes-duration-dependent fashion. The cell counts of both ONL and INL were reduced accordingly in the diabetic rats. E4a prevented cell loss and maintained a normal thickness.
conclusionsGLP-1R is expressed in rat retina. Apoptosis is an important constituent of retinal cell death in early DR. E4a administration can reverse the changes of ERG, prevent the retinal cell death and maintain normal retinal thickness in diabetic rats. Therefore, this is a potent approach for treatment of early DR.
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