ArticleCurrent biology : CB2008
ATP consumption by mammalian rod photoreceptors in darkness and in light.
Article in Current biology : CB, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 257 papers.
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Who cites it
257 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of emixustat hydrochloride in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Trial
- Retbindin Dynamically Redistributes to Preserve Retinal Flavin-Dependent Homeostasis in Response to Riboflavin Availability and Circadian Demand.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Protocol for the isolation, culturing, and evaluation of primary Müller glial cells from pig retina as cellular models in health and disease.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- High-Fidelity Backpropagation through Primate Foveal Cones.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Zero Warm Ischemia Time in Whole-Eye Transplantation through Retrograde Extracorporeal Perfusion.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Review of the clinical electrooculogram - Part 1: Mechanism of the Light-Rise.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Investments in photoreceptors compete with investments in optics to determine eye design.eLife · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Sequencing Analysis Reveals Dysregulated Energy Metabolism and Altered Synaptic Connectivity in the Mouse Retina Following Dark Rearing.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The Transcription Factor 12 of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Plays an Essential Role in Retinal Health.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Photoreceptor deletion of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit α1 induces retinal degeneration and reprograms retinal metabolism.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Glycosylation-driven necroptosis in retinal degeneration: dual rescue by AAV8 gene therapy and RIPK1 inhibition.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Oxidative DNA damage drives apoptotic photoreceptor loss in NMNAT1-associated inherited retinal degeneration: a therapeutic opportunity.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Increased Glycine-N-methyltransferase expression disrupts light-dependent gene expression rhythms in the Drosophila eye.Journal of cell science · 2026Article
- Lactate and histone H3K18 lactylation are associated with metabolic control of gene expression in the retina.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Inorganic phosphate and the rapid mobilization of metabolic energy in neurons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- HIGH-FIDELITY BACKPROPAGATION THROUGH PRIMATE FOVEAL CONES.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Early Reduction in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Synaptic Mitochondria Contribute to Synaptic Pathology in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Modulation of Aerobic Glycolysis Genes During the Progression of Retinitis Pigmentosa.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Selective knockout of murine glutamic acid-rich protein 2 significantly alters dark continuous noise in rod photoreceptors.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Retinal ribbon synapses and the potential functional role of TIAM1: A structural and molecular perspective.Molecular vision · 2026Review
197 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Why do vertebrates use rods and cones that hyperpolarize, when in insect eyes a single depolarizing photoreceptor can function at all light levels? We answer this question at least in part with a comprehensive assessment of ATP consumption for mammalian rods from voltages and currents and recently published physiological and biochemical data. In darkness, rods consume 10(8) ATP s(-1), about the same as Drosophila photoreceptors. Ion fluxes associated with phototransduction and synaptic transmission dominate; as in CNS, the contribution of enzymes of the second-messenger cascade is surprisingly small. Suppression of rod responses in daylight closes light-gated channels and reduces total energy consumption by >75%, but in Drosophila light opens channels and increases consumption 5-fold. Rods therefore provide an energy-efficient mechanism not present in rhabdomeric photoreceptors. Rods are metabolically less "costly" than cones, because cones do not saturate in bright light and use more ATP s(-1) for transducin activation and rhodopsin phosphorylation. This helps to explain why the vertebrate retina is duplex, and why some diurnal animals like primates have a small number of cones, concentrated in a region of high acuity.
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