ArticlePharmacy world & science : PWS2009
Psychosocial and behavioural determinants of the implementation of Pharmaceutical Care in Spain.
Article in Pharmacy world & science : PWS, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Implementation of a patient-centred complex intervention to improve Initial Medication Adherence to cardiovascular disease and diabetes treatments in primary care (the IMA-cRCT study): a mixed-methods process evaluation.BMJ quality & safety · 2026Trial
- Training Status and Self-Reported Training Coverage of Clinical Pharmacists Across Chinese Secondary and Tertiary Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Predicting Pharmacist Intention to Contribute to COVID-19 Management at the Community Level: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Perceptions of a group of hospital pharmacists and other professionals of the implementation of clinical pharmacy at a high complexity public hospital in Brazil.BMC health services research · 2018Article
- A cluster-randomized controlled knowledge translation feasibility study in Alberta community pharmacies using the PARiHS framework: study protocol.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2015Article
- Mapping the terrain: A conceptual schema for a mental health medication support service in community pharmacy.SAGE open medicine · 2015Review
- Barriers to the implementation of advanced clinical pharmacy services at Portuguese hospitals.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2014Article
- Impact of an interactive workshop on community pharmacists' beliefs toward patient care.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2012Article
- [Community pharmacists, the missing link of Primary Care].Atencion primaria · 2011Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to gain greater understanding of the implementation of the Pharmaceutical Care (PhC) initiative in Spain. Our investigation was underpinned by Prochaska and Di Clemente's stages of change model. We also used the A.S.E. (Attitude, Social influence and self-Efficacy) Model to identify the psychosocial determinants of this professional behaviour.
settingSpanish community pharmacists.
methodA validated questionnaire was sent to all community pharmacists registered on a national database and 1,977 (10.3%) responded. The questionnaire assessed stage of change regarding the implementation of PhC and the psychosocial determinants of this professional behaviour. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare psychosocial determinants according to stage of change. The profile of community pharmacists who had implemented PhC was identified through logistic regression analysis.
main outcome measuresattitude, social influence, self-efficacy, motivations, needs and stages of change to perform PhC.
resultsSome respondents (n = 228; 11.8%) had adopted PhC, and were, thus, in the action or maintenance stage. The mean A.S.E. determinants scores increased significantly by stage i.e. from "precontemplation" to "action": attitude (0.28 vs. 0.99), social influence of people (2.61 vs. 3.07), and self-efficacy (2.74 vs. 3.61). Conversely, most needs were highlighted by precontemplators (3.66 vs. 347.). Variables significantly associated with the probability of implementing PhC were: having undertaken appropriate training (OR: 13.92; CI 95%: 5.37-36.08); self-efficacy (OR: 3.19; CI 95%: 2.38-4.28), having assistant pharmacists (OR: 1.70; CI 95%: 1.02-2.80) and positive attitude (OR: 1.03; CI 95%: 1.01-1.04). The A.S.E. determinants were the best predictors of PhC implementation according to the regression model.
conclusionThe implementation of PhC among Spanish community pharmacists appears to be relatively low. Strategies to move pharmacists should be adapted to stage: focussed on emphasizing advantages at initial stages and facilitating training courses, guidelines and communication to professionals at intermediate and advanced stages.
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