ArticleClinical & experimental metastasis2009
Chitosan hydrogel containing GMCSF and a cancer drug exerts synergistic anti-tumor effects via the induction of CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity.
Article in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing chitosan-based biomaterials for advanced cancer immunotherapy: from nanocarriers to tumor microenvironment modulation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Alginate-Chitosan Biodegradable and Biocompatible Based Hydrogel for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy and Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Review
- Article
- Advances in engineering and delivery strategies for cytokine immunotherapy.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2023Article
- Cytokine Therapy Combined with Nanomaterials Participates in Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Short Review on Advances in Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2022Review
- Translational Applications of Hydrogels.Chemical reviews · 2021Review
- Injectable Hydrogel as a Unique Platform for Antitumor Therapy Targeting Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Therapy-Induced Tumor Cell Death: Friend or Foe of Immunotherapy?Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Advances in engineering local drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2020Review
- Molecular mechanisms in progression of HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis.Journal of biomedical science · 2019Review
- Nanomedicine and macroscale materials in immuno-oncology.Chemical Society reviews · 2019Review
- Article
- Spatially and Temporally Controlled Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering.Materials science & engineering. R, Reports : a review journal · 2017Article
- Possible role of nanocarriers in drug delivery against cervical cancer.Nano reviews & experiments · 2017Review
- Human Papillomavirus: Current and Future RNAi Therapeutic Strategies for Cervical Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2015Review
- Effects of Incorporating Carboxymethyl Chitosan into PMMA Bone Cement Containing Methotrexate.PloS one · 2015Article
- GM-CSF-loaded chitosan hydrogel as an immunoadjuvant enhances antigen-specific immune responses with reduced toxicity.BMC immunology · 2014Article
- Polymeric nanoparticles: potent vectors for vaccine delivery targeting cancer and infectious diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer treatments consisting of a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy have been vigorously exploited to further improve the efficacy of cancer therapies. In this study, we utilized a chitosan hydrogel (CH) system loaded with GMCSF and a cancer drug as a chemo-immunotherapeutic agent in an effort to assess the effects on tumor growth in mice using TC-1 cervical tumor cells, which express the tumor-specific antigen, HPV-16 E7. The growth of TC-1 tumors was significantly reduced in mice treated with a CH harboring a cancer drug (doxorubicin (DOX), cisplatin (CDDP), or cyclophosphamide (CTX)) and GMCSF (CH-a cancer drug + GMCSF), as compared to other groups that were treated with CH containing only a cancer drug(CH-a cancer drug) or GMCSF(CH-GMCSF). Among the cancer drugs, CTX exerted the most potent anti-tumor effects. Interestingly, the intra-tumoral injection of CH-a cancer drug + GMCSF induced a significant E7-specific CD8(+) T cell immune response as compared to CH-GMCSF or CH-a cancer drug. This enhancement of tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity was associated principally with the anti-tumor effects induced by CH-CTX + GMCSF, as demonstrated by antibody depletion. Collectively, the aforementioned results indicate that co-treatment of tumors with a combination of GMCSF and a cancer drug incorporated into a CH system results in synergistic anti-tumor effects, which occur via the induction of a tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. This study demonstrates the use of a biodegradable hydrogel system for the co-delivery of an immunoadjuvant and an anti-cancer drug for successful chemo-immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.