ArticlePLoS pathogens2008
Immune mechanisms responsible for vaccination against and clearance of mucosal and lymphatic norovirus infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed.
- Norovirus in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals: cytokines and viral shedding.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2016Trial
- Vitamin A modifies the intestinal chemokine and cytokine responses to norovirus infection in Mexican children.The Journal of nutrition · 2011Trial
- Severe Undernutrition Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Transplant Norovirus Infection.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- STAT1 expression in myeloid cells restrains murine norovirus-induced hepatitis and fibrosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Norovirus Immunity: Implications for Vaccine Design.Annual review of pathology · 2026Review
- Current Perspectives and Future Directions in the Immunogenicity Landscape of Norovirus Vaccines.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- The Gut Microbiome in Enteric Viral Infections: Underlying Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Norovirus co-opts NINJ1 for selective protein secretion.Science advances · 2025Article
- Lipid nanoparticles as adjuvant of norovirus VLP vaccine augment cellular and humoral immune responses in a TLR9- and type I IFN-dependent pathway.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Intestinal tuft cell immune privilege enables norovirus persistence.Science immunology · 2024Article
- Impact of the Microbiota on Viral Infections.Annual review of virology · 2023Review
- Genetic mapping revealsScience immunology · 2023Article
- Profiling of humoral immune responses to norovirus in children across Europe.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Immunity to enteric viruses.Immunity · 2022Review
- Review
- Simvastatin Reduces Protection and Intestinal T Cell Responses Induced by a Norovirus P Particle Vaccine in Gnotobiotic Pigs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The dark side of the gut: Virome-host interactions in intestinal homeostasis and disease.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Review
- Norovirus evolution in immunodeficient mice reveals potentiated pathogenicity via a single nucleotide change in the viral capsid.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Article
- Crossing the T's on Norovirus.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2021Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Two cardinal manifestations of viral immunity are efficient clearance of acute infection and the capacity to vaccinate against secondary viral exposure. For noroviruses, the contributions of T cells to viral clearance and vaccination have not been elucidated. We report here that both CD4 and CD8 T cells are required for efficient clearance of primary murine norovirus (MNV) infection from the intestine and intestinal lymph nodes. Further, long-lasting protective immunity was generated by oral live virus vaccination. Systemic vaccination with the MNV capsid protein also effectively protected against mucosal challenge, while vaccination with the capsid protein of the distantly related human Lordsdale virus provided partial protection. Fully effective vaccination required a broad immune response including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and B cells, but the importance of specific immune cell types varied between the intestine and intestinal lymph nodes. Perforin, but not interferon gamma, was required for clearance of MNV infection by adoptively transferred T lymphocytes from vaccinated hosts. These studies prove the feasibility of both mucosal and systemic vaccination against mucosal norovirus infection, demonstrate tissue specificity of norovirus immune cells, and indicate that efficient vaccination strategies should induce potent CD4 and CD8 T cell responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.