ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2009
The role of infections in autoimmune disease.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 185 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 415 citations in OpenAlex.
- PheWAS and cross-disorder analysis reveal genetic architecture, pleiotropic loci and phenotypic correlations across 11 autoimmune disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Gut microbiota and Sjögren's syndrome: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Anti-MDA5 Antibody Linking COVID-19, Type I Interferon, and Autoimmunity: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Multimodal Cardiac Imaging in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Clinical Suspicion to Diagnosis in Clinical Practice.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Impact of oncogenic viruses on autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- Rethinking Neonatal Vaccination Policies: A Neuroimmune Perspective.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Microbiota and mycobiota in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: clinical and pathophysiological correlations.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Psoriasis risk allele function in activated Th1/17 cells with "memory" to antigen exposure.PloS one · 2026Article
- Insights into the Complex Biological Network Underlying Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Similarity to Self-Antigens Shapes Epitope Recognition from Viruses Under Autoimmune and Infectious Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Pediatric autoimmune diseases in the light of COVID-19 pandemic, A retrospective observational big data study.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Antigen-driven T cell responses in rheumatic diseases: insights from T cell receptor repertoire studies.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Toward curing neurological autoimmune disorders: Biomarkers, immunological mechanisms, and therapeutic targets.Neuron · 2025Review
- Genetic and metabolic inflammation signatures in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: the role ofFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Environmental risk factors of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
- Efferocytosis in Homeostasis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Brain Fog: a Narrative Review of the Most Common Mysterious Cognitive Disorder in COVID-19.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in patients with sickle cell disease: a single center retrospective analysis.Haematologica · 2024Article
125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system recognizes and attacks host tissue. In addition to genetic factors, environmental triggers (in particular viruses, bacteria and other infectious pathogens) are thought to play a major role in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we (i) describe the ways in which an infectious agent can initiate or exacerbate autoimmunity; (ii) discuss the evidence linking certain infectious agents to autoimmune diseases in humans; and (iii) describe the animal models used to study the link between infection and autoimmunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.