ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2009
IL-21R is essential for epicutaneous sensitization and allergic skin inflammation in humans and mice.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Severity and Treatment Response across Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Hidradenitis Suppurativa-A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Exploring the impact of IL-2 cytokine family on skin barrier function: pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Comparative study of mouse models of atopic dermatitis.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Multi-System-Level Analysis Reveals Differential Expression of Stress Response-Associated Genes in Inflammatory Solar Lentigo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- IL-4Rα signalling in B cells and T cells play differential roles in acute and chronic atopic dermatitis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Role of Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Dermatological Immune-Mediated Diseases.Advances in therapy · 2022Review
- Probing the Skin-Brain Axis: New Vistas Using Mouse Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Machine learning reveals distinct gene signature profiles in lesional and nonlesional regions of inflammatory skin diseases.Science advances · 2022Article
- Soluble forms of cytokine and growth factor receptors: mechanisms of generation and modes of action in the regulation of local and systemic inflammation.FEBS letters · 2022Review
- Two-stage genome-wide association study of chronic rhinosinusitis and disease subphenotypes highlights mucosal immunity contributing to risk.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2021Article
- Noncytotoxic Inhibition of the Immunoproteasome Regulates Human Immune Cells In Vitro and Suppresses Cutaneous Inflammation in the Mouse.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Huangbai Liniment Ameliorates Skin Inflammation in Atopic Dermatitis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Altered Levels of Sphingosine, Sphinganine and Their Ceramides in Atopic Dermatitis Are Related to Skin Barrier Function, Disease Severity and Local Cytokine Milieu.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Cutaneous Exposure to Clinically Relevant Lone Star Ticks Promotes IgE Production and Hypersensitivity through CD4Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Treg-Cell Control of a CXCL5-IL-17 Inflammatory Axis Promotes Hair-Follicle-Stem-Cell Differentiation During Skin-Barrier Repair.Immunity · 2019Article
- IL-22 promotes allergic airway inflammation in epicutaneously sensitized mice.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Article
- Association of Genetic Polymorphisms with Atopic Dermatitis, Clinical Severity and Total IgE: A Replication and Extended Study.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2018Article
- Translational Animal Models of Atopic Dermatitis for Preclinical Studies.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2017Review
- Expression of the interleukin-21 and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 in Kimura disease.Journal of clinical pathology · 2017Article
- The solid-state fermentation of Artemisia capillaris leaves with Ganoderma lucidum enhances the anti-inflammatory effects in a model of atopic dermatitis.International journal of molecular medicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of intense pruritus, scratching, and epicutaneous (e.c.) sensitization with allergens. To explore the roles of IL-21 and IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) in AD, we examined skin lesions from patients with AD and used a mouse model of allergic skin inflammation. IL-21 and IL-21R expression was upregulated in acute skin lesions of AD patients and in mouse skin subjected to tape stripping, a surrogate for scratching. The importance of this finding was highlighted by the fact that both Il21r-/- mice and WT mice treated with soluble IL-21R-IgG2aFc fusion protein failed to develop skin inflammation after e.c. sensitization of tape-stripped skin. Adoptively transferred OVA-specific WT CD4+ T cells accumulated poorly in draining LNs (DLNs) of e.c. sensitized Il21r-/- mice. This was likely caused by both DC-intrinsic and nonintrinsic effects, because trafficking of skin DCs to DLNs was defective in Il21r-/- mice and, to a lesser extent, in WT mice reconstituted with Il21r-/- BM. More insight into this defect was provided by the observation that skin DCs from tape-stripped WT mice, but not Il21r-/- mice, upregulated CCR7 and migrated toward CCR7 ligands. Treatment of epidermal and dermal cells with IL-21 activated MMP2, which has been implicated in trafficking of skin DCs. These results suggest an important role for IL-21R in the mobilization of skin DCs to DLNs and the subsequent allergic response to e.c. introduced antigen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.