ArticleCancer research2008
Systemic blockade of transforming growth factor-beta signaling augments the efficacy of immunogene therapy.
Article in Cancer research, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bidirectional crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor immunity: shaping the microenvironment and response to immune checkpoint therapy.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- FAM207A acts as a novel and potential biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma and shapes the immunesuppressive tumor microenvironment.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Construction of a Matrix Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Signature Gene-Based Risk Prognostic Signature for Directing Immunotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer Using Single-Cell Analysis and Machine Learning.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- mRNA in cancer immunotherapy: beyond a source of antigen.Molecular cancer · 2021Review
- Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in regulation of lung cancer invasion and metastasis: Structural insights from a computational model.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2021Review
- Tumour-associated neutrophils in patients with cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2019Review
- The role of caveolin-1 in tumors of the brain - functional and clinical implications.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2019Review
- EGFR may participate in immune evasion through regulation of B7‑H5 expression in non‑small cell lung carcinoma.Molecular medicine reports · 2018Article
- Possible Therapeutic Application of Targeting Type II Natural Killer T Cell-Mediated Suppression of Tumor Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter Human Papilloma Virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Tissue-Specific Roles of NKT Cells in Tumor Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Serum expression level of IL-6 at the diagnosis time contributes to the long-term prognosis of SCLC patients.Journal of Cancer · 2018Article
- Targeting TGF-β Signaling for Therapeutic Gain.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2017Review
- Control of immune cell entry through the tumour vasculature: a missing link in optimising melanoma immunotherapy?Clinical & translational immunology · 2017Review
- Dysregulation of TGFβ1 Activity in Cancer and Its Influence on the Quality of Anti-Tumor Immunity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2016Review
- The Multifaceted Roles Neutrophils Play in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer microenvironment : official journal of the International Cancer Microenvironment Society · 2015Article
- The wound inflammatory response exacerbates growth of pre-neoplastic cells and progression to cancer.The EMBO journal · 2015Article
- Role of TGFβ in regulation of the tumor microenvironment and drug delivery (review).International journal of oncology · 2015Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Locally produced transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) promotes tumor-induced immunosuppression and contributes to resistance to immunotherapy. This article explores the potential for increased efficacy when combining immunotherapies with TGF-beta suppression using the TGF-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitor SM16. Adenovirus expressing IFN-beta (Ad.IFN-beta) was injected intratumorally once in established s.c. AB12 (mesothelioma) and LKR (lung cancer) tumors or intratracheally in a Kras orthotopic lung tumor model. Mice bearing TC1 (lung cancer) tumors were vaccinated with two injections of adenovirus expressing human papillomavirus-E7 (HPV-E7; Ad.E7). SM16 was administered orally in formulated chow. Tumor growth was assessed and cytokine expression and cell populations were measured in tumors and spleens by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. SM16 potentiated the efficacy of both immunotherapies in each of the models and caused changes in the tumor microenvironment. The combination of SM16 and Ad.IFN-beta increased the number of intratumoral leukocytes (including macrophages, natural killer cells, and CD8(+) cells) and increased the percentage of T cells expressing the activation marker CD25. SM16 also augmented the antitumor effects of Ad.E7 in the TC1 flank tumor model. The combination did not increase HPV-E7 tetramer-positive CD8(+) T cells in the spleens but did induce a marked increase in the tumors. Tumors from SM16-treated mice showed increased mRNA and protein for immunostimulatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as endothelial adhesion molecules, suggesting a mechanism for the increased intratumoral leukocyte trafficking. Blockade of the TGF-beta signaling pathway augments the antitumor effects of Ad.IFN-beta immune-activating or Ad.E7 vaccination therapy. The addition of TGF-beta blocking agents in clinical trials of immunotherapies may increase efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.