Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19073919›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008

The archaebacterial origin of eukaryotes.

Cymon J Cox, Peter G Foster, Robert P Hirt, Simon R Harris, T Martin Embley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 183 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
183citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

183 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. The archaeal roots of eukaryotic life.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. The evolution of the tree of life.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Embedding of Markov matrices forJournal of mathematical biology · 2024
    Article
  15. Mitochondrial Transfer Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cancer Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

123 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Cymon J CoxDepartment of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom. cymon.cox@gmail.com
Peter G Foster
Robert P Hirt
Simon R Harris
T Martin Embley

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/C006143/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/C508777/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The origin of the eukaryotic genetic apparatus is thought to be central to understanding the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Disagreement about the source of the relevant genes has spawned competing hypotheses for the origins of the eukaryote nuclear lineage. The iconic rooted 3-domains tree of life shows eukaryotes and archaebacteria as separate groups that share a common ancestor to the exclusion of eubacteria. By contrast, the eocyte hypothesis has eukaryotes originating within the archaebacteria and sharing a common ancestor with a particular group called the Crenarchaeota or eocytes. Here, we have investigated the relative support for each hypothesis from analysis of 53 genes spanning the 3 domains, including essential components of the eukaryotic nucleic acid replication, transcription, and translation apparatus. As an important component of our analysis, we investigated the fit between model and data with respect to composition. Compositional heterogeneity is a pervasive problem for reconstruction of ancient relationships, which, if ignored, can produce an incorrect tree with strong support. To mitigate its effects, we used phylogenetic models that allow for changing nucleotide or amino acid compositions over the tree and data. Our analyses favor a topology that supports the eocyte hypothesis rather than archaebacterial monophyly and the 3-domains tree of life.

Indexed as

ArchaeaBiological EvolutionEukaryotic CellsModels, GeneticPhylogenyCrenarchaeotaGenes, ArchaealGenes, BacterialGenomicsNucleic AcidsProtein BiosynthesisTranscription, GeneticNucleic Acids

Identifiers

PMID19073919
PMCPMC2629343

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.