ArticleNeurobiology of learning and memory2009
Chronic stress and sex differences on the recall of fear conditioning and extinction.
Article in Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers.
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Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed.
- Importance of apparatus scaling in novel object recognition for juvenile and adult rats.Physiology & behavior · 2026Article
- Effects of Sex Differences on Conditioned Fear Extinction and Safety Learning in C57BL/6J Mice.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Estrous cycle stage gates the effect of stress on reward learning.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sexually dimorphic effects of single prolonged stress on conditioned suppression behavior in Long Evans rats with no detection of altered mRNA expression of VGLUT1, GAD1, and Arc in the ventral hippocampus.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Effects of Sex, Estradiol, and Acute Stress on Spontaneous Recovery of a Conditioned Touchscreen Response in Rats.Neuroscience insights · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent role of hippocampal BDNF and GSK-3β in mediating PTSD-like behaviors in both sexes of adolescent rats exposed to fear conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Stress-induced changes in the molecular processes underlying fear memories: implications for PTSD and relevant animal models.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Environmental Enrichment Has Age- and Sex-Specific Effects on Fear Regulation in Mice.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Article
- Environmental Enrichment and Metformin Combination Improves Cognitive Function through BDNF and HPA Axis in Chronically Stressed Rats.Current Alzheimer research · 2025Article
- Inhibition of prefrontal glutamatergic neuron activity during the recovery period following chronic stress disrupts fear memory in male rats: potential role of the infralimbic cortex.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Adolescent male and female rats show enhanced latent inhibition of conditioned fear compared to adult rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Post-conditioning sleep deprivation facilitates delay and trace fear memory extinction.Molecular brain · 2024Article
- Effects of early social isolation and adolescent single prolonged stress on anxiety-like behaviors and voluntary ethanol consumption in female Long Evans rats.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Sex divergent behavioral responses in platform-mediated avoidance and glucocorticoid receptor blockade.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Fear-Conditioning to Unpredictable Threats Reveals Sex and Strain Differences in Rat Fear-Potentiated Startle (FPS).Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Fear-conditioning to unpredictable threats reveals sex differences in rat fear-potentiated startle (FPS).bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Persistent disruption of overexpectation learning after inactivation of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in male rats.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Patterns of Arc mRNA expression in the rat brain following dual recall of fear- and reward-based socially acquired information.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- ChAT::Cre transgenic rats show sex-dependent altered fear behaviors, ultrasonic vocalizations and cholinergic marker expression.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2023Article
- The sex-dependent response to psychosocial stress and ischaemic heart disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic stress effects and sex differences were examined on conditioned fear extinction. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically stressed by restraint (6 h/d/21 d), conditioned to tone and footshock, followed by extinction after 1 h and 24 h delays. Chronic stress impaired the recall of fear extinction in males, as evidenced by high freezing to tone after the 24 h delay despite exposure to the previous 1 h delay extinction trials, and this effect was not due to ceiling effects from overtraining during conditioning. In contrast, chronic stress attenuated the recall of fear conditioning acquisition in females, regardless of exposure to the 1 h extinction exposure. Since freezing to tone was reinstated following unsignalled footshocks, the deficit in the stressed rats reflected impaired recall rather than impaired consolidation. Sex differences in fear conditioning and extinction were observed in nonstressed controls as well, with control females resisting extinction to tone. Analysis of contextual freezing showed that all groups (control, stress, male, female) increased freezing immediately after the first tone extinction trial, demonstrating contextual discrimination. These findings show that chronic stress and sex interact to influence fear conditioning, with chronic stress impairing the recall of delayed fear extinction in males to implicate the medial prefrontal cortex, disrupting the recall of the fear conditioning acquisition in females to implicate the amygdala, and nonstressed controls exhibiting sex differences in fear conditioning and extinction, which may involve the amygdala and/or corticosterone levels.
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