ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2009
Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of oral direct thrombin and factor xa inhibitors in development.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 524 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the treatment of pulmonary embolism.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary embolism.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Benchmark for time in therapeutic range in venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics during the transition from warfarin to rivaroxaban: a randomized study in healthy subjects.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Trial
- Apixaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor: single dose safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and food effect in healthy subjects.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Transforming Treatment: The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Oral Drug Absorption.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Comparison of Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2026Review
- Article
- Brazilian Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines - 2025.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Bibliometric Analysis of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOACS) in the Prevention of Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Head-to-head ex vivo comparison of clinically used direct anticoagulant drugs.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Thrombotic events associated with low baseline direct oral anticoagulant levels in atrial fibrillation: the MAS study.Blood advances · 2024Observational
- Bioavailability of Orally Administered Drugs After Bariatric Surgery.Current obesity reports · 2024Review
- Higher efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke taking direct oral anticoagulants-A new relevant hypothesis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Effect of low-dose rivaroxaban on bleeding events in low-weight patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Dilemmas in the Choice of Adequate Therapeutic Treatment in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism-From Modern Recommendations to Clinical Application.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effect of uninterrupted dabigatran or rivaroxaban on achieving ideal activated clotting time to heparin response during catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2022Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For the past five decades, there has been little progress in the development of oral anticoagulants, with the choices being limited to the vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). The situation is changing with the development of orally active small molecules that directly target thrombin or activated factor X (FXa). The two agents in the most advanced stages of development are dabigatran etexilate and rivaroxaban, which inhibit thrombin and FXa, respectively. Both are approved in the EU and Canada for venous thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing elective hip- or knee-replacement surgery. Other agents in the early stages of development include several FXa inhibitors (apixaban, DU 176b, LY 517717, YM 150, betrixaban, eribaxaban [PD 0348292] and TAK 442) and one thrombin inhibitor (AZD 0837). With a predictable anticoagulant response and low potential for drug-drug interactions, these new agents can be given in fixed doses without coagulation monitoring. This renders them more convenient than VKAs. While the anticoagulant effect of the new thrombin and FXa inhibitors is similar, differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters may influence their use in clinical practice. Here, we compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of these new oral agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.