ArticleThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics2009
A role for mitochondrial oxidative stress in sulfur mustard analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide-induced lung cell injury and antioxidant protection.
Article in The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nitrogen Mustard Disrupts Bioenergetics and Activates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death Pathways in Human Keratinocytes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- A pilot study reveals plasma metabolomic and lipidomic signatures of mustard lung disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Current progress in research on ocular injury caused by exposure to vesicants.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Delayed complications of sulfur mustard poisoning: a focus on inflammation and telomere footprint.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Activation Attenuates Sulfur Mustard Analog 2-Chloroethyl-Ethyl-Sulfide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress: An Intersection Between Radiation and Sulfur Mustard Lung Injury.Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2024Article
- Identification of early events in nitrogen mustard pulmonary toxicity that are independent of infiltrating inflammatory cells using precision cut lung slices.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2024Article
- Phenylarsine oxide induced corneal injury involves oxidative stress mediated unfolded protein response and ferroptotic cell death: Amelioration by NAC.Free radical biology & medicine · 2023Article
- Methimazole, an Effective Neutralizing Agent of the Sulfur Mustard Derivative 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2023Article
- Ophthalmic Complications and Managements of Sulfur Mustard Exposure: A Narrative Review.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2022Review
- Proteomics analysis of chronic skin injuries caused by mustard gas.BMC medical genomics · 2022Article
- A review of chemical warfare agents linked to respiratory and neurological effects experienced in Gulf War Illness.Inhalation toxicology · 2022Review
- Small-interfering RNA for c-Jun attenuates cell death by preventing JNK-dependent PARP1 cleavage and DNA fragmentation in nitrogen mustard-injured immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells.Toxicology research · 2021Article
- Understanding the role of neutrophils in acute respiratory distress syndrome.Biomedical journal · 2021Review
- Screening of the chemoprotective effect of 13 compounds and their mixtures with sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate against 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide.Journal of applied biomedicine · 2019Article
- Sulfur mustard resistant keratinocytes obtained elevated glutathione levels and other changes in the antioxidative defense mechanism.Toxicology letters · 2018Article
- Article
- Editor's Highlight: Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis in Rats Exposed to Inhaled Sulfur Mustard.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2017Article
- From the Cover: Catalytic Antioxidant Rescue of Inhaled Sulfur Mustard Toxicity.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2016Article
- Macrophages and inflammatory mediators in pulmonary injury induced by mustard vesicants.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sulfur mustards (SMs) have been used as warfare agents since World War I and still pose a significant threat against civilian and military personnel. SM exposure can cause significant blistering of the skin, respiratory injury, and fibrosis. No antidote currently exists for SM exposure, but recent studies, using the SM analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), have focused on the ability of antioxidants to prevent toxicity. Although antioxidants can prevent CEES-induced toxicity, the mechanisms by which these compounds are effective against SM agents are largely unknown. Using human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells and primary small airway epithelial cells, we show that CEES causes a significant increase in mitochondrial dysfunction as early as 4 h, which is followed by increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), peaking 12 h after exposure. We also have identified a catalytic antioxidant metalloporphyrin that can rescue airway cells from CEES-induced toxicity when added 1 h after CEES exposure. In addition, the cytoprotective effects of the catalytic antioxidant are associated with correcting mitochondrial dysfunction ROS, DNA oxidation, and decreases in intracellular GSH. These findings suggest a role for oxidative stress in CEES toxicity and provide a rationale to investigate antioxidants as rescue agents in SM exposures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.