ArticleInfection and immunity2009
The Yersinia pestis Ail protein mediates binding and Yop delivery to host cells required for plague virulence.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combination of live-attenuated and adenovirus-based vaccines provides immediate and durable protection againstMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Structure-activity of outer membrane proteins in native bacterial membrane vesicles by solid-state NMR.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Two temperature-responsive RNAs act in concert: the small RNA CyaR and the mRNA ompX.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Functional Identification and Genetic Analysis of O-Antigen Gene Clusters of Food-Borne PathogenJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Controlled Experimental Infection in Pigs with a Strain of Yersinia enterocolitica Harboring Genetic Markers for Human Pathogenicity: Colonization and Stability.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Article
- Yersinia enterocolitica in Crohn's disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Contributions of Yersinia pestis outer membrane protein Ail to plague pathogenesis.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Virulence Determinants and Genetic Diversity ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Deletion of Yersinia pestisJournal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- Article
- Correlating the Structure and Activity of Y. pestis Ail in a Bacterial Cell Envelope.Biophysical journal · 2021Article
- The Yersinia pestis GTPase BipA Promotes Pathogenesis of Primary Pneumonic Plague.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Mutually constructive roles of Ail and LPS in Yersinia pestis serum survival.Molecular microbiology · 2020Article
- Tn-Seq Analysis Identifies Genes Important for Yersinia pestis Adherence during Primary Pneumonic Plague.mSphere · 2020Article
- Staying out or Going in? The Interplay between Type 3 and Type 5 Secretion Systems in Adhesion and Invasion of Enterobacterial Pathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Article
- Unraveling neutrophil-F1000Research · 2019Review
- Ail provides multiple mechanisms of serum resistance to Yersinia pestis.Molecular microbiology · 2019Article
- The invasin D protein fromThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although adhesion to host cells is a critical step in the delivery of cytotoxic Yop proteins by Yersinia pestis, the mechanism has not been defined. To identify adhesins critical for Yop delivery, we initiated two transposon mutagenesis screens using the mariner transposon. To avoid redundant cell binding activities, we initiated the screen with a strain deleted for two known adhesins, pH 6 antigen and the autotransporter, YapC, as well as the Caf1 capsule, which is known to obscure some adhesins. The mutants that emerged contained insertions within the ail (attachment and invasion locus) gene of Y. pestis. A reconstructed mutant with a single deletion in the ail locus (y1324) was severely defective for delivery of Yops to HEp-2 human epithelial cells and significantly defective for delivery of Yops to THP-1 human monocytes. Specifically, the Yop delivery defect was apparent when cell rounding and translocation of an ELK-tagged YopE derivative into host cells were monitored. Although the ail mutant showed only a modest decrease in cell binding capacity in vitro, the KIM5 Deltaail mutant exhibited a >3,000-fold-increased 50% lethal dose in mice. Mice infected with the Deltaail mutant also had 1,000-fold fewer bacteria in their spleens, livers, and lungs 3 days after infection than did those infected with the parental strain, KIM5. Thus, the Ail protein is critical for both Y. pestis type III secretion in vitro and infection in mice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.