ArticleJournal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society2009
Altered relative expression of BMPs and BMP inhibitors in cartilaginous areas of human fractures progressing towards nonunion.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biological and molecular profile of fracture non-union tissue: A systematic review and an update on current insights.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Atrophic Long-Bone Non-Union: Current Insights into Pathogenesis and Management-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Modern Approaches and Emerging Biological Therapies to Treat Fracture Nonunion.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Time to consider fracture nonunion an orphan disease? An update into pathophysiology, epidemiology and therapeutic solutions.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Review
- Itm2a expression marks periosteal skeletal stem cells that contribute to bone fracture healing.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Off-label: The results of adjunctive bone morphogenetic protein for challenging femur fractures; a review of two cases.Trauma case reports · 2024Article
- The role of hypertrophic chondrocytes in regulation of the cartilage-to-bone transition in fracture healing.Bone reports · 2022Article
- Injectable hydrogel with immobilized BMP-2 mimetic peptide for local bone regeneration.Frontiers in biomaterials science · 2022Article
- Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Decellularized Bone Matrix Seeded with Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerated Bone Regeneration.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Article
- miR‑204 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by targeting bone morphogenetic protein 2.Molecular medicine reports · 2020Article
- Inflammatory processes and elevated osteoclast activity chaperon atrophic non-union establishment in a murine model.Journal of translational medicine · 2019Article
- The combination of microfracture with induction of Wnt / β- Catenin pathway, leads to enhanced cartilage regeneration.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2019Article
- Defective Proliferation and Osteogenic Potential with Altered Immunoregulatory phenotype of Native Bone marrow-Multipotential Stromal Cells in Atrophic Fracture Non-Union.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Adjuvant therapies for the enhancement of microfracture technique in cartilage repair.Orthopedic reviews · 2019Article
- Impaired bone healing following treatment of established nonunion correlates with serum cytokine expression.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2019Article
- Application of Cytokines of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Family in Spinal Fusion - Effects on the Bone, Intervertebral Disc and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.Current stem cell research & therapy · 2019Review
- Bone morphogenetic proteins in fracture repair.International orthopaedics · 2018Review
- Molecular pathogenesis of fracture nonunion.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2018Review
- Dual delivery of active antibactericidal agents and bone morphogenetic protein at sustainable high concentrations using biodegradable sheath-core-structured drug-eluting nanofibers.International journal of nanomedicine · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that an imbalance in the local production of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and BMP inhibitors exists within the cartilaginous intermediate of nonhealing fractures. Biopsies were recovered intraoperatively from human fractures that, upon follow-up, were found to heal normally or become nonunions. The samples were examined by immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of BMP-2, BMP-14, and the BMP inhibitors noggin and chordin. Expression was determined semiquantitatively based on the area of positive staining per area of cartilage and by determining the number of positively staining cells and the intensity of staining. There was a significant reduction in BMP-2 and BMP-14 expression in cartilaginous areas of nonhealing fractures compared to healing fractures. However, there was no difference in the expression of the BMP inhibitors between the two groups of fractures. This imbalance in the expression of BMPs and BMP inhibitors within cartilaginous areas of developing nonunions may account for their reduced bone forming ability. These data suggest strategies for preventing the development of nonunions by altering levels of BMPs and their inhibitors within fracture sites.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.