Trial reportEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2009
Dairy foods and risk of stroke.
Trial report in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- A global analysis of dairy consumption and incident cardiovascular disease.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Cheese consumption and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of prospective studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Yogurt, cultured fermented milk, and health: a systematic review.Nutrition reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Intake of dairy products and associations with major atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Cheese consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.European journal of nutrition · 2017Pooled it
- Consumption of Yogurt and the Incident Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Nine Cohort Studies.Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- Cheese Consumption and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- Daily milk consumption and all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies.BMC public health · 2016Pooled it
- Dairy Consumption and Risk of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Updated Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The relationship between high-fat dairy consumption and obesity, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease.European journal of nutrition · 2013Pooled it
- Milk and dairy consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2011Pooled it
- The relationship between the intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products and dyslipidemia in STEPs study.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Fermented dairy products intake and stroke risk: analyses of NHANES 2007-2018 data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- High consumption of dairy products and risk of major adverse coronary events and stroke in a Swedish population.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Targeting autophagy in ischemic stroke: From molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2021Review
- Milk Intake and Stroke Mortality in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study-A Bayesian Survival Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Potential Cardiometabolic Health Benefits of Full-Fat Dairy: The Evidence Base.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- Association between dairy product intake and hypertriglyceridemia in Korean adults.Nutrition research and practice · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConsumption of milk and other dairy foods has been associated with reduced risk of stroke, although not all studies have shown this consistently.
methodsWe examined the association between dairy food intake and risk of stroke subtypes within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Between 1985 and 1988, 26,556 Finnish male smokers aged 50-69 years who had no history of stroke completed a food frequency questionnaire. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounders.
resultsDuring a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, 2702 cerebral infarctions, 383 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 196 subarachnoid hemorrhages were ascertained. We observed positive associations between whole milk intake and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (RR = 1.41 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of intake; 95% CI = 1.02-1.96) and between yogurt intake and subarachnoid hemorrhage (RR = 1.83 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of intake; 95% CI = 1.20-2.80). Men in the highest quintile of cream intake had a moderate decreased risk of cerebral infarction (0.81; 0.72-0.92) and intracerebral hemorrhage (0.72; 0.52-1.00). There were no strong associations between intakes of total dairy, low-fat milk, sour milk, cheese, ice cream, or butter and risk of any stroke subtype.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that intake of certain dairy foods may be associated with risk of stroke.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.