ArticleJournal of theoretical biology2009
Exploring the role of the immune response in preventing antibiotic resistance.
Article in Journal of theoretical biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of combining antibiotics on resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.eLife · 2024Pooled it
- Modelling immune gene expression profiles as pharmacodynamic endpoints of antileishmanial treatment.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Simulating the host niche: balancing complexity and control in the experimental evolution of antibiotic resistance and pathoadaptation.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Review
- Mapping the landscape of mathematical models for antimicrobial resistance: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Antibiotic exposure and recovery of persister states influence virulence phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- The role of innate immunity, antibiotics, and bacteriophages in the course of bacterial infections and their treatment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The role of innate immunity, antibiotics, and bacteriophages in the course of bacterial infections and their treatment.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Harnessing intracellular bacteria in bladder by intravesical delivery of antibiotics-loaded nanodiamonds to reduce the recurrence of urinary tract infection.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Triggering Toll-Like Receptor 5 Signaling During Pneumococcal Superinfection Prevents the Selection of Antibiotic Resistance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Ecological and evolutionary mechanisms driving within-patient emergence of antimicrobial resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Within-Host Mathematical Models of Antibiotic Resistance.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Patterns, Cost, and Immunological Response of MDR vs. Non MDR-Bacteremia: A Prospective Cohort Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- One Health, One Hive: A scoping review of honey bees, climate change, pollutants, and antimicrobial resistance.PloS one · 2022Article
- Regulation of Bone Cell Differentiation and Activation by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Immuno-pharmacokinetics of Meglumine Antimoniate in Patients With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- The Use of Translational Modelling and Simulation to Develop Immunomodulatory Therapy as an Adjunct to Antibiotic Treatment in the Context of Pneumonia.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Fighting microbial pathogens by integrating host ecosystem interactions and evolution.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Within-host bacterial growth dynamics with both mutation and horizontal gene transfer.Journal of mathematical biology · 2021Article
- Polymyxin-Induced Cell Death of Human Macrophage-Like THP-1 and Neutrophil-Like HL-60 Cells Associated with the Activation of Apoptotic Pathways.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Human MAIT cell cytolytic effector proteins synergize to overcome carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli.PLoS biology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For many bacterial infections, drug resistant mutants are likely present by the time antibiotic treatment starts. Nevertheless, such infections are often successfully cleared. It is commonly assumed that this is due to the combined action of drug and immune response, the latter facilitating clearance of the resistant population. However, most studies of drug resistance emergence during antibiotic treatment focus almost exclusively on the dynamics of bacteria and the drug and neglect the contribution of immune defenses. Here, we develop and analyze several mathematical models that explicitly include an immune response. We consider different types of immune responses and investigate how each impacts the emergence of resistance. We show that an immune response that retains its strength despite a strong drug-induced decline of bacteria numbers considerably reduces the emergence of resistance, narrows the mutant selection window, and mitigates the effects of non-adherence to treatment. Additionally, we show that compared to an immune response that kills bacteria at a constant rate, one that trades reduced killing at high bacterial load for increased killing at low bacterial load is sometimes preferable. We discuss the predictions and hypotheses derived from this study and how they can be tested experimentally.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.