ArticleJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2009
Brain antigens in functionally distinct antigen-presenting cell populations in cervical lymph nodes in MS and EAE.
Article in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- CNS myelin induces regulatory functions of DC-SIGN-expressing, antigen-presenting cells via cognate interaction with MOG.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2014Trial
- The Glymphatic System and Meningeal Lymphatics: Current Understandings and Future Perspectives.MedComm · 2026Review
- The cribriform plate: A dynamic central nervous system-immune hub.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Cellular Immunotherapies for Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Advances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Translational molecular imaging and drug development in multiple sclerosis.Theranostics · 2026Review
- SPIONActa neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Novel Perineural Pathways and the Dynamics of SIV-Infected Macrophage Trafficking Out of the Central Nervous System.The American journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid draining lymphatics in health and disease: advances and controversies.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Perineural immune environment of olfactory nerves is reshaped by neuroinflammatory drainage and connects to ethmoid bone marrow.Science advances · 2025Article
- Review
- Immune Cell Interplay in the Fight Against GBM.Cancers · 2025Review
- Neutrophils, NETs and multiple sclerosis: a mini review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Biodegradable Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers-Encapsulated Trichinella Spiralis Antigens Protect from Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Related Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Lymph nodes as gatekeepers of autoimmune diseases.RMD open · 2024Review
- Review
- Restoration of cervical lymphatic vessel function in aging rescues cerebrospinal fluid drainage.Nature aging · 2024Article
- Meningeal Lymphatics in Central Nervous System Diseases.Annual review of neuroscience · 2024Review
- Apelin modulates inflammation and leukocyte recruitment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: a series of unfortunate events.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Article
- The immunopathology of B lymphocytes during stroke-induced injury and repair.Seminars in immunopathology · 2023Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drainage of central nervous system (CNS) antigens to the brain-draining cervical lymph nodes (CLN) is likely crucial in the initiation and control of autoimmune responses during multiple sclerosis (MS). We demonstrate neuronal antigens within CLN of MS patients. In monkeys and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in mouse models with non-inflammatory CNS damage, the type and extent of CNS damage was associated with the frequencies of CNS antigens within the cervical lymph nodes. In addition, CNS antigens drained to the spinal-cord-draining lumbar lymph nodes. In human MS CLN, neuronal antigens were present in pro-inflammatory antigen-presenting cells (APC), whereas the majority of myelin-containing cells were anti-inflammatory. This may reflect a different origin of the cells or different drainage mechanisms. Indeed, neuronal antigen-containing cells in human CLN did not express the lymph node homing receptor CCR7, whereas myelin antigen-containing cells in situ and in vitro did. Nevertheless, CLN from EAE-affected CCR7-deficient mice contained equal amounts of myelin and neuronal antigens as wild-type mice. We conclude that the type and frequencies of CNS antigens within the CLN are determined by the type and extent of CNS damage. Furthermore, the presence of myelin and neuronal antigens in functionally distinct APC populations within MS CLN suggests that differential immune responses can be evoked.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.