ArticleAIDS (London, England)2009
Trends in the incidence of cancers among HIV-infected persons and the impact of antiretroviral therapy: a 20-year cohort study.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Noncommunicable diseases among HIV-infected persons in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Associated Mortality in HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Pooled it
- Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Guideline
- Antiretroviral treatment cohort analysis using time-updated CD4 counts: assessment of bias with different analytic methods.PloS one · 2011Trial
- Relationship between CD4+ T-cell counts/HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load and AIDS-defining events among persons followed in the ACTG longitudinal linked randomized trials study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2010Trial
- Clinical Epidemiology of Cancer in People Living With HIV in Germany: Retrospective, Observational, Multicenter Federated Claims Data Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Observational
- Immunosenescence and its related comorbidities in older people living with HIV.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Article
- Prevalence of anal high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types in people living with HIV and a history of cancer.HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Prostate Cancer in Sexual Minorities: Epidemiology, Screening and Diagnosis, Treatment, and Quality of Life.Cancers · 2023Review
- Article
- Prevalence of and factors associated with diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV in Vietnam.Global health & medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- A retrospective study of distribution of HIV associated malignancies among inpatients from 2007 to 2020 in China.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Persistent low-Level viremia in persons living with HIV undertreatment: An unresolved status.Virulence · 2021Review
- The Impact of HIV on Non-AIDS defining gastrointestinal malignancies: A review.Seminars in oncology · 2021Review
- Temporary Trend, Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2021Article
- High prevalence of plasma EBV DNA among the HIV positive individuals, with or without malignancies, attending the clinic at AIIMS, New Delhi.Virusdisease · 2021Article
- Cancer incidence and risk factors in dialysis patients with human immunodeficiency virus: a cohort study.Clinical kidney journal · 2021Article
- Multicenter Study of Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score as a Prognostic Factor in Patients With HIV-Related Renal Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo describe trends in incidence rates of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) during the HIV epidemic and to evaluate predictors, including the impact of antiretroviral therapy, of cancer development.
designRetrospective analysis of a multicenter, prospective natural history study including 4498 HIV-infected US military beneficiaries with 33 486 person-years of follow-up.
methodsPredictors evaluated included demographics, clinical data, time-updated CD4 cell counts, HIV viral loads, and antiretroviral history. Time periods were classified as early pre (1984-1990), late pre (1991-1995), early post (1996-2000), and late post (2001-2006) HAART eras. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association of specific factors with cancer.
resultsTen percent of HIV-infected persons developed cancer. ADC rates increased between the early and late pre-HAART eras (7.6 and 14.2 cases per 1000 person-years) and have since declined from 5.4 to 2.7 in the early and late HAART eras, respectively (P < 0.001). Rates of NADCs have risen over the four periods (2.9, 2.8, 4.2, 6.7, P = 0.0004). During the late HAART era, 71% of cancers were NADCs. Predictors for ADCs included low CD4 cell count, noncancer AIDS diagnosis, and lack of HAART. NADCs were predicted by increasing age and white race (due to skin cancers).
conclusionAlthough the rate of ADCs continues to fall, the rate of NADCs is rising and now accounts for the majority of cancers in HIV-infected persons. The development of NADCs is associated with increasing age among HIV patients. HAART use is protective for ADCs, but did not significantly impact NADCs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.