ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent inhibition of dendritic cell interleukin-12 production by Giardia lamblia.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of albendazole compared with metronidazole as treatments for infections with Giardia duodenalis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2010Pooled it
- Unraveling the Potential ofPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Giardia-induced Type 2 mucosal immunity attenuates intestinal inflammation caused by co-infection or colitis in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Giardia increases macrophage production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in response to lipopolysaccharide via macrophage galactose binding lectin.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Article
- A shotgun metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiome in humans infected with Giardia duodenalis.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Trophozoite fitness dictates the intestinal epithelial cell response to Giardia intestinalis infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- The Giardial Arginine Deiminase Participates inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Pomegranate Peel Extract Is a Potential Alternative Therapeutic for Giardiasis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Revisiting the Mechanisms of Immune Evasion Employed by Human Parasites.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
- What's eating you? An update on Giardia, the microbiome and the immune response.Current opinion in microbiology · 2020Review
- Giardia lamblia Decreases NF-κB p65Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Intestinal parasitic infection alters bone marrow derived dendritic cell inflammatory cytokine production in response to bacterial endotoxin in a diet-dependent manner.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Recent insights into innate and adaptive immune responses to Giardia.Advances in parasitology · 2019Review
- Immunomodulation by Helminths: Intracellular Pathways and Extracellular Vesicles.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- The Intersection of Immune Responses, Microbiota, and Pathogenesis in Giardiasis.Trends in parasitology · 2017Review
- Dendritic cells and parasites: from recognition and activation to immune response instruction.Seminars in immunopathology · 2017Review
- Review
- TLR2Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dendritic cell interactions with pathogenic microbes initiate and direct the development of subsequent adaptive responses. The protozoan pathogen Giardia lamblia infects the mammalian small intestine, leading to nutrient malabsorption and diarrhea but rarely causing inflammation. In order to begin to understand how the innate immune system responds to this parasite and shapes the eventual adaptive response, we examined the interaction between parasites and murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). DCs incubated with live parasites or parasite extracts displayed enhanced levels of CD40. The expression of CD80 and CD86 also increased, but less than was seen with lipopolysaccharide-activated DCs. Small amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha were secreted by these DCs, whereas no IL-10 or IL-12 could be detected. Coincubation of DCs with parasite extracts along with known Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands resulted in enhanced secretion of IL-10 and reduced secretion of IL-12. The levels of major histocompatibility complex class II, CD80, and CD86 were also reduced compared to DCs stimulated with TLR ligands alone. Finally, studies with an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway inhibitor, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, and anti-IL-10 receptor antibody revealed that the PI3K pathway is the dominant mechanism of inhibition in DCs incubated with both lipopolysaccharide and Giardia. These data suggest that this parasite actively interferes with host innate immunity, resulting in an immune response able to control the infection but devoid of strong inflammatory signals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.