ArticleJournal of virological methods2009
Comparison of four nasal sampling methods for the detection of viral pathogens by RT-PCR-A GA(2)LEN project.
Article in Journal of virological methods, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of detection rate of 16 sampling methods for respiratory viruses: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of clinical data and systematic review.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- Comparison of Respiratory Specimen Collection Methods for Detection of Influenza Virus Infection by Reverse Transcription-PCR: a Literature Review.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Pooled it
- Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Guideline
- Pooled it
- Randomised controlled trial of rhinothermy for treatment of the common cold: a feasibility study.BMJ open · 2018Trial
- Organotypic Airway Models Derived from Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Cytokine Sampling in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses.Ear, nose, & throat journal · 2025Review
- Enabling methanol fixation of pediatric nasal wash during respiratory illness for single cell sequencing in comparison with fresh samples.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Assessment of perceived distress due to nasopharyngeal swab collection in healthy Indian infants participating in a clinical trial.Paediatric & neonatal pain · 2021Article
- Recurrent Wheeze Exacerbations Following Acute Bronchiolitis-A Machine Learning Approach.Frontiers in allergy · 2021Article
- A 5-year study of human parechoviruses in children living in bad sanitation conditions and non-polio acute flaccid paralysis children from Greece.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2019Article
- Feasibility study for the use of self-collected nasal swabs to identify pathogens among participants of a population-based surveillance system for acute respiratory infections (GrippeWeb-Plus)-Germany, 2016.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Article
- Comparative Viral Sampling in the Sinonasal Passages; Different Viruses at Different Sites.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Comparative community burden and severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza: results of the Flu Watch cohort study.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2014Article
- Swab sample transfer for point-of-care diagnostics: characterization of swab types and manual agitation methods.PloS one · 2014Article
- New molecular virus detection methods and their clinical value in lower respiratory tract infections in children.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2013Review
- Assessment of airflow limitation, airway inflammation, and symptoms during virus-induced wheezing episodes in 4- to 6-year-old children.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2013Article
- Comparison of nasopharyngeal flocked swabs and nasopharyngeal wash collection methods for respiratory virus detection in hospitalized children using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Journal of virological methods · 2012Article
- Pediatric non-influenza respiratory viruses during pandemic influenza.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2011Article
- Repeated virus identification in the airways of patients with mild and severe asthma during prospective follow-up.Allergy · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and patient discomfort between four techniques for obtaining nasal secretions. Nasal secretions from 58 patients with symptoms of a common cold, from three clinical centers (Amsterdam, Lodz, Oslo), were obtained by four different methods: swab, aspirate, brush, and wash. In each patient all four sampling procedures were performed and patient discomfort was evaluated by a visual discomfort scale (scale 1-5) after each procedure. Single pathogen RT-PCRs for Rhinovirus (RV), Influenza virus and Adenovirus, and multiplex real-time PCR for RV, Enterovirus, Influenza virus, Adenovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Parainfluenza virus, Coronavirus, Metapneumovirus, Bocavirus and Parechovirus were performed in all samples. A specific viral cause of respiratory tract infection was determined in 48 patients (83%). In these, the detection rate for any virus was 88% (wash), 79% (aspirate), 77% (swab) and 74% (brush). The degree of discomfort reported was 2.54 for swabs, 2.63 for washes, 2.68 for aspirates and 3.61 for brushings. Nasal washes yielded the highest rate of viral detection without excessive patient discomfort. In contrast, nasal brushes produced the lowest detection rates and demonstrated the highest level of discomfort.
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