ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2009
Complement in multiple sclerosis: its role in disease and potential as a biomarker.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral complement proteins in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of serological studies.Schizophrenia research · 2020Pooled it
- Genetic Insights into Circulating Complement Proteins in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Potential Inflammatory Subgroup.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Copy number variation at the complement C4 locus is associated with risk for multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Investigation of miR-335-5p and Its Target Gene C1QA Associated with the Complement System in Conversion from Clinically Isolated Syndrome to Multiple Sclerosis.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2025Article
- Complement C3 deficient mice show more severe imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis than wild-type mice regardless of the commensal microbiota.Experimental animals · 2024Article
- The Emerging Role of Immunoglobulins and Complement in the Stimulation of Neuronal Activity and Repair: Not as Simple as We Thought.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Association of Complement Factors With Disability Progression in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- The complement system in neurodegenerative diseases.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2024Article
- Complement Activation Is Associated With Disease Severity in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease evolves into lupus encephalopathy characterized by venous sinus thrombosis: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Inhibition of complement C3 signaling ameliorates locomotor and visual dysfunction in autoimmune inflammatory diseases.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- In Silico Drug Repurposing in Multiple Sclerosis Using scRNA-Seq Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The association between neurodegeneration and local complement activation in the thalamus to progressive multiple sclerosis outcome.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Complement System in the Central Nervous System: From Neurodevelopment to Neurodegeneration.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- The validity of animal models to explore the pathogenic role of the complement system in multiple sclerosis: A review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Article
- Mechanisms governing activity-dependent synaptic pruning in the developing mammalian CNS.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2021Review
- Characterization of microglial transcriptomes in the brain and spinal cord of mice in early and late experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using a RiboTag strategy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- In Vivo Induction of Regulatory T Cells Via CTLA-4 Signaling Peptide to Control Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Prevent Disease Relapse.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with a poorly defined and complex immunopathogenesis. Although initiated by reactive T cells, persistent inflammation is evident throughout the disease course. A contribution from complement has long been suspected, based on the results of pathological and functional studies which have demonstrated complement activation products in MS brain and biological fluids. However, the extent and nature of complement activation and its contribution to disease phenotype and long-term outcome remain unclear. Furthermore, functional polymorphisms in components and regulators of the complement system which cause dysregulation, and are known to contribute to other autoimmune inflammatory disorders, have not been investigated to date in MS in any detail. In this paper we review evidence from pathological, animal model and human functional and genetic studies, implicating activation of complement in MS. We also evaluate the potential of complement components and regulators and their polymorphic variants as biomarkers of disease, and suggest appropriate directions for future research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.