Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19038618›Full record

ReviewSurvey of ophthalmology2008

Update on the mechanism of action of topical prostaglandins for intraocular pressure reduction.

Carol B Toris, B'Ann T Gabelt, Paul L Kaufman

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Survey of ophthalmology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07074782 (Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotection Under Prostaglandin Analogues), which is not on this map. Cited by 135 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
135citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
15.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07074782 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotection Under Prostaglandin Analogues: NEUROPA - a Retrospective Cohort Study

TypeobservationalSponsorAssociation for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and ImageRan2026 to 2026Enrolled1,500ConditionsGlaucoma
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

135 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 306 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. The Diurnal and Nocturnal Effects of Pilocarpine on Intraocular Pressure in Patients Receiving Prostaglandin Analog Monotherapy.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2018
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  12. Trans-conjunctival aqueous humor outflow in glaucomatous patients treated with prostaglandin analogues: an in vivo confocal microscopy study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2014
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75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Carol B TorisDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5840, USA. ctoris@unmc.edu
B'Ann T Gabelt
Paul L Kaufman
University of Nebraska Medical Center · US

Funding

UW Vision Research Core - Administrative CoreP30EY016665 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ROBERT W NICKELLS · 2005 to 2026
$12.6M
ANTERIOR OCULAR SEGMENT PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGYR01EY002698 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI KAUFMAN, PAUL L · 1985 to 2009
$4.5M
NEI NIH HHS EY002698NEI NIH HHS P30 EY016665NEI NIH HHS R01 EY002698
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A decade has passed since the first topical prostaglandin analog was prescribed to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) for the treatment of glaucoma. Now four prostaglandin analogs are available for clinical use around the world and more are in development. The three most efficacious of these drugs are latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost, and their effects on IOP and aqueous humor dynamics are similar. A consistent finding is a substantial increase in uveoscleral outflow and a less consistent finding is an increase in trabecular outflow facility. Aqueous flow appears to be slightly stimulated as well. Prostaglandin receptors and their associated mRNAs have been located in the trabecular meshwork, ciliary muscle, and sclera, providing evidence that endogenous prostaglandins have a functional role in aqueous humor drainage. Earlier evidence found that topical PG analogs release endogenous prostaglandins. One well-studied mechanism for the enhancement of outflow by prostaglandins is the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and remodeling of extracellular matrix. Other proposed mechanisms include widening of the connective tissue-filled spaces and changes in the shape of cells. All of these mechanisms alter the permeability of tissues of the outflow pathways leading to changes in outflow resistance and/or outflow rates. This review summarizes recent (since 2000) animal and clinical studies of the effects of topical prostaglandin analogs on aqueous humor dynamics and recent cellular and molecular studies designed to clarify the outflow effects.

Indexed as

Administration, TopicalAnimalsAntihypertensive AgentsAqueous HumorGlaucoma, Open-AngleHumansIntraocular PressureOcular HypertensionProstaglandins F, SyntheticAntihypertensive AgentsProstaglandins F, Synthetic

Identifiers

PMID19038618
PMCPMC2727743
OpenAlexW2099523789

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.