ArticleJournal of virology2009
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope spike of primary viruses can suppress antibody access to variable regions.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antiviral neutralizing antibodies: from in vitro to in vivo activity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- Endocytic Motif on a Biotin-Tagged HIV-1 Env Modulates the Co-Transfer of Env and Gag during Cell-to-Cell Transmission.Viruses · 2021Article
- Key Considerations for the Development of Safe and Effective SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine: A Peptide-Based Vaccine Alternative.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Review
- HIV-host interactome revealed directly from infected cells.Nature microbiology · 2016Article
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to HIV and Their Role in Vaccine Design.Annual review of immunology · 2016Review
- New prospects for a preventive HIV-1 vaccine.Journal of virus eradication · 2015Article
- Differential glycosylation of envelope gp120 is associated with differential recognition of HIV-1 by virus-specific antibodies and cell infection.AIDS research and therapy · 2014Article
- Humoral immunity in the Friend retrovirus infection model.Immunologic research · 2013Review
- A Blueprint for HIV Vaccine Discovery.Cell host & microbe · 2012Review
- Understanding and learning from the success of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2012Review
- Phages and HIV-1: from display to interplay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2012Review
- Noninfectious retrovirus particles drive the APOBEC3/Rfv3 dependent neutralizing antibody response.PLoS pathogens · 2011Article
- Homology-based identification of capsid determinants that protect HIV1 from human TRIM5α restriction.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- Glycosylation patterns of HIV-1 gp120 depend on the type of expressing cells and affect antibody recognition.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2010Article
- Repeated vaginal administration of trimeric HIV-1 clade C gp140 induces serum and mucosal antibody responses.Mucosal immunology · 2010Article
- Broad and potent neutralizing antibodies from an African donor reveal a new HIV-1 vaccine target.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2009Article
- Introduction of exogenous epitopes in the variable regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein: effect on viral infectivity and the neutralization phenotype.Journal of virology · 2009Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope spike is a heavily glycosylated trimeric structure in which protein surfaces conserved between different HIV-1 isolates are particularly well hidden from antibody recognition. However, even variable regions on the spike tend to be less antigenic and immunogenic than one might have anticipated for external structures. Here we show that the envelope spike of primary viruses has an ability to restrict antibody recognition of variable regions. We show that access to an artificial epitope, introduced at multiple positions across the spike, is frequently limited, even though the epitope has been inserted at surface-exposed regions on the spike. Based on the data, we posit that restricted antibody access may be the result, at least in part, of a rigidification of the epitope sequence in the context of the spike and/or a highly effective flexible arrangement of the glycan shield on primary viruses. Evolution of the HIV envelope structure to incorporate extra polypeptide sequences into nominally accessible regions with limited antibody recognition may contribute to reducing the magnitude of antibody responses during infection and allow the virus to replicate unhindered by antibody pressure for longer periods.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.