ArticleInternational journal of health geographics2008
An effective and efficient approach for manually improving geocoded data.
Article in International journal of health geographics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Application of Spatial Analysis on Electronic Health Records to Characterize Patient Phenotypes: Systematic Review.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Pooled it
- The quality of social determinants data in the electronic health record: a systematic review.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2021Pooled it
- Why it's so hard to match residence addresses to census blocks - and how to fix it.Transactions in GIS : TG · 2026Article
- Integrating the physical environment into Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias research: A Gateway Exposome Coordinating Center (GECC) agenda on gaps and priorities.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Childhood Cancer Risk in Hispanic Enclaves in California.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2025Article
- Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Unveiling Multipollutant Risks and Sociodemographic Influences in California.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Maternal Exposure to Heavy Metals From Industrial Sources During Pregnancy and Childhood Cancer Risk in California.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Article
- Maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial sources during pregnancy and childhood cancer risk in California.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Lifetime residential history collection and processing for environmental data linkages in the ABCD study.Health & place · 2024Article
- Utilizing residential histories to assess environmental exposure and socioeconomic status over the life course among mesothelioma patients.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Examining the Relationship Between Extreme Temperature, Microclimate Indicators, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women Living in Southern California.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Utilizing Residential History to Examine Heterogeneous Exposure Trajectories: A Latent Class Mixed Modeling Approach Applied to Mesothelioma Patients.Journal of registry management · 2023Article
- A critical analysis of the What3Words geocoding algorithm.PloS one · 2023Article
- Thyroid Cancer and Pesticide Use in a Central California Agricultural Area: A Case Control Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Exposure to air pollutant mixture and gestational diabetes mellitus in Southern California: Results from electronic health record data of a large pregnancy cohort.Environment international · 2022Article
- Child serum metabolome and traffic-related air pollution exposure in pregnancy.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Area-Based Geocoding: An Approach to Exposure Assessment Incorporating Positional Uncertainty.GeoHealth · 2021Article
- Residential proximity to pesticide application as a risk factor for childhood central nervous system tumors.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Metabolomics analysis of maternal serum exposed to high air pollution during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Associations between green space and preterm birth: Windows of susceptibility and interaction with air pollution.Environment international · 2020Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe process of geocoding produces output coordinates of varying degrees of quality. Previous studies have revealed that simply excluding records with low-quality geocodes from analysis can introduce significant bias, but depending on the number and severity of the inaccuracies, their inclusion may also lead to bias. Little quantitative research has been presented on the cost and/or effectiveness of correcting geocodes through manual interactive processes, so the most cost effective methods for improving geocoded data are unclear. The present work investigates the time and effort required to correct geocodes contained in five health-related datasets that represent examples of data commonly used in Health GIS.
resultsGeocode correction was attempted on five health-related datasets containing a total of 22,317 records. The complete processing of these data took 11.4 weeks (427 hours), averaging 69 seconds of processing time per record. Overall, the geocodes associated with 12,280 (55%) of records were successfully improved, taking 95 seconds of processing time per corrected record on average across all five datasets. Geocode correction improved the overall match rate (the number of successful matches out of the total attempted) from 79.3 to 95%. The spatial shift between the location of original successfully matched geocodes and their corrected improved counterparts averaged 9.9 km per corrected record. After geocode correction the number of city and USPS ZIP code accuracy geocodes were reduced from 10,959 and 1,031 to 6,284 and 200, respectively, while the number of building centroid accuracy geocodes increased from 0 to 2,261.
conclusionThe results indicate that manual geocode correction using a web-based interactive approach is a feasible and cost effective method for improving the quality of geocoded data. The level of effort required varies depending on the type of data geocoded. These results can be used to choose between data improvement options (e.g., manual intervention, pseudocoding/geo-imputation, field GPS readings).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.