ReviewAmino acids2009
Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease.
Review in Amino acids, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05653895 (Independent and Additive Effects Of Micronutrients With Metformin In Patients With PCOS), which is not on this map. Cited by 487 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Independent and Additive Effects Of Micronutrients With Metformin In Patients With PCOS:A Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial
Who cites it
487 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,349 citations in OpenAlex.
- L-Arginine and L-Citrulline for Prevention and Treatment of Pre-Eclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on Different Aerobic Exercise Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Sialidase inhibitor modulates gut microbiota and enhances mucosal protection in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.mSystems · 2026Trial
- Efficacy Of Combined Nutritional And Pharmacological Interventions In PCOS: A Six Month Randomized Controlled Trial.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Effects of an amino acid mixture on alcohol metabolism and alcohol-related symptoms in healthy adults.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- L-arginine vs. L-glutamine oral suspensions for radiation-induced oral mucositis: a triple-blind randomized trial.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Trial
- Effects of Quercetin and Citrulline on Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Trained Cyclists.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- THE EFFECT OF A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF L-ARGININE ON QUADRICEPS STRENGTH IN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS: A NON-RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.Acta clinica Croatica · 2024Trial
- Impact of a short-term nitrate and citrulline co-supplementation on sport performance in elite rowers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Trial
- Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling of Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma Identifies Candidate Metabolic Indicators of Semen Quality in Holstein Bulls.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate Modulates Muscle Growth, Nutrient Composition, and Metabolic Profiles in Danzhou Chickens.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Effects of Wenjing Decoction in a Rat Model of Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis Primary Dysmenorrhea: An Integrated Analysis of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of dietary threonine and arginine on growth performance, stress indicators, and gut health in broiler chickens under multiple stress.Journal of animal science and technology · 2026Article
- Effects of Ad Libitum Feeding and Arginine Supplementation on Growth of Piglets and Reproductive Performance Parameters of Sows.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Diminished arginine bioavailability during hyperglycaemia distinguishes individuals with ADiabetologia · 2026Article
- Dynamic effects of radioactive iodine therapy on gut microbiota and metabolites in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Dietary Arginine Supplementation Modulates Nitrogen Utilization, Serum Biochemistry, and Gut Microbiota in Growing Beagles Under Low- and Normal-Protein Diets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Article
- Arginine metabolism supportsmBio · 2026Article
427 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
L-Arginine (Arg) is synthesised from glutamine, glutamate, and proline via the intestinal-renal axis in humans and most other mammals (including pigs, sheep and rats). Arg degradation occurs via multiple pathways that are initiated by arginase, nitric-oxide synthase, Arg:glycine amidinotransferase, and Arg decarboxylase. These pathways produce nitric oxide, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine, and agmatine with each having enormous biological importance. Arg is also required for the detoxification of ammonia, which is an extremely toxic substance for the central nervous system. There is compelling evidence that Arg regulates interorgan metabolism of energy substrates and the function of multiple organs. The results of both experimental and clinical studies indicate that Arg is a nutritionally essential amino acid (AA) for spermatogenesis, embryonic survival, fetal and neonatal growth, as well as maintenance of vascular tone and hemodynamics. Moreover, a growing body of evidence clearly indicates that dietary supplementation or intravenous administration of Arg is beneficial in improving reproductive, cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, liver and immune functions, as well as facilitating wound healing, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and maintaining tissue integrity. Additionally, Arg or L-citrulline may provide novel and effective therapies for obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. The effect of Arg in treating many developmental and health problems is unique among AAs, and offers great promise for improved health and wellbeing of humans and animals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.