ArticleWorld journal of urology2009
Varicocele is associated with an increase of connective tissue of the pampiniform plexus vein wall.
Article in World journal of urology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03079609 (The Search for Viral and Bacterial Etiology of Varicocele), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Search for Viral and Bacterial Etiology of Varicocele
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated periprostatic androgens, sneaky testosterone and its implications.Nature reviews. Urology · 2024Review
- Age-Dependent Remodeling in Infrapatellar Fat Pad Adipocytes and Extracellular Matrix: A Comparative Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Decellularized Human Skeletal Muscle as Biologic Scaffold for Reconstructive Surgery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Article
- Effect of varicocele repair on sperm retrieval rate and testicular histopathological patterns in men with nonobstructive azoospermia.Asian journal of andrologyArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study is to describe the normal structure of spermatic vein wall and the morphological alterations in patients with grades 1-3 varicocele.
methodsWe dissected and analyzed a 2-3 cm tract of a pampiniform plexus vein of 30 patients undergoing antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy for left varicocele and of 13 consecutive patients undergoing radical orchidectomy for left testis cancer. The histological and morphological examination was performed with hematoxylin-eosin and Azan-Mallory staining through a computer image analysis approach. Vasa vasorum number was evaluated through the anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody.
resultsIn normal veins, the tunica media had a circular smooth muscle layer, the tunica adventitia a longitudinal one; oblique fibers connected the longitudinal with the circular layer. In grade 1 varicocele, we found an increase in the connective tissue of the adventitia (39 vs. 1%, P < 0.001) and of the tunica media (13 vs. 0.5%, P = 0.001) and a decrease of oblique fibers. In grade 2 varicocele, the adventitia and media showed greater connective tissue (40 and 15%, P < 0.001). In grade 3 varicocele, adventitia and media showed a further increase in connective tissue (52 and 28%, respectively, <0.001). No oblique fibers were found in these veins. Vasa vasorum were decreased in number in patients with grades I and II varicocele, and were absent in patients with grade III varicocele.
conclusionThe wall of pampiniform plexus veins is a complex structure. Varicocele induces a decrease of vasa vasorum number, a fibrotic degeneration of the adventitia and media, and a decrease of the oblique running fibers.
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