Trial reportWorld journal of gastroenterology2008
Low level of galacto-oligosaccharide in infant formula stimulates growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli.
Trial report in World journal of gastroenterology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01197365 (Double-blind Randomized Controlled Study for the Evaluation of Nutritional Outcomes of a Cow's Milk Based Infant Formula Containing Galacto-oligosaccharides, Beta-palmitate and Acidified Milk), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Double-blind Randomized Controlled Study for the Evaluation of Nutritional Outcomes of a Cow's Milk Based Infant Formula Containing Galacto-oligosaccharides, Beta-palmitate and Acidified Milk
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety study of formula containing probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics on fullterm infants' growth - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics on the Gut Microbiome, Gut Environment, Growth Parameters, and Safety and Tolerance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Breastfeeding Affects Concentration of Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids During the First Year of Life: Results of the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Neonatal Diet and Gut Microbiome Development After C-Section During the First Three Months After Birth: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Association between funding source, methodological quality and research outcomes in randomized controlled trials of synbiotics, probiotics and prebiotics added to infant formula: a systematic review.BMC medical research methodology · 2013Pooled it
- Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Synbiotics, probiotics or prebiotics in infant formula for full term infants: a systematic review.Nutrition journal · 2012Pooled it
- Gastrointestinal Tolerance of an Infant Formula Manufactured from Extensively Hydrolysed Protein in Healthy Term Infants.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Prebiotics Do Not Influence the Severity of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants: A Randomised Controlled Trial.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Early-life microbiota disruption-induced deficits in the social brain are sensitive to diet.iScience · 2026Article
- Iron Fortification and Inulin Supplementation in Early Infancy: Evaluating the Impact on Gut Microbiome in a Piglet Model.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Pre- to Postbiotics: The Beneficial Roles of Pediatric Dysbiosis Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Gram-scale chemical synthesis of galactosyllactoses and their impact on infant gut microbiotaOrganic & biomolecular chemistry · 2024Article
- Galacto-oligosaccharide preconditioning improves metabolic activity and engraftment of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and stimulates osteoblastogenesis ex vivo.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Supplemented Infant Formula and Human Breast Milk Show Similar Patterns in Modulating Infant Microbiota Composition and Function In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Growth and gut comfort of healthy term infants exclusively fed with a partially hydrolysed protein-based infant formula: a randomized controlled double-blind trial.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Dietary Fibers in Healthy Children and in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Practical Guide.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Infant Fecal Fermentations with Galacto-Oligosaccharides and 2'-Fucosyllactose Show DifferentialChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Microbiota-dependent influence of prebiotics on the resilience of infant gut microbiota to amoxicillin/clavulanate perturbation in anFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo investigate the effect of a new infant formula supplemented with a low level (0.24 g/100 mL) of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on intestinal micro-flora (Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli and E. coli) and fermentation characteristics in term infants, compared with human milk and a standard infant formula without GOS.
methodsTerm infants (n = 371) were approached in this study in three hospitals of China. All infants started breast-feeding. Those who changed to formula-feeding within 4 wk after birth were randomly assigned to one of the two formula groups. Growth and stool characteristics, and side effects that occurred in recruited infants were recorded in a 3-mo follow-up period. Fecal samples were collected from a subpopulation of recruited infants for analysis of intestinal bacteria (culture technique), acetic acid (gas chromatography) and pH (indicator strip).
resultsAfter 3 mo, the intestinal Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, acetic acid and stool frequency were significantly increased, and fecal pH was decreased in infants fed with the GOS-formula or human milk, compared with those fed with the formula without GOS. No significant differences were observed between the GOS formula and human milk groups. Supplementation with GOS did not influence the incidence of crying, regurgitation and vomiting.
conclusionA low level of GOS (0.24 g/100 mL) in infant formula can improve stool frequency, decrease fecal pH, and stimulate intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli as in those fed with human milk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.