ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Vaccination with proteus toxic agglutinin, a hemolysin-independent cytotoxin in vivo, protects against Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comprehensive review on herbal approaches for treatment of urinary tract infections: Scope and challenges.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
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- Genomic Constellation of Foodborne Proteus Mirabilis Isolates Harboring AMR, Virulence Genes and Comparative WGS Analysis.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Clonal Dissemination of NDM-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Type 5 secretion system antigens as vaccines against Gram-negative bacterial infections.NPJ vaccines · 2024Review
- An outbreak ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Hacking the Immune Response to Solid Tumors: Harnessing the Anti-Cancer Capacities of Oncolytic Bacteria.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Emerging Non-Antibiotic Options Targeting Uropathogenic Mechanisms for Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The immune responses to differentFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Augmented Enterocyte Damage DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance pattern in Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from patients attended with urinary infections to Tertiary Hospitals, in Iran.African health sciences · 2021Article
- Relevance of iron metabolic genes in biofilm and infection in uropathogenicCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2021Article
- Secretory System Components as Potential Prophylactic Targets for Bacterial Pathogens.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Genetic Mechanisms of the Variety of Pathogenicity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Environmental Adaptation ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- A Rare Opportunist,Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Genotypic and phenotypic profiles of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Proteus mirabilis isolated from chicken carcasses: potential zoonotic risk.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2019Article
- The autotransporter protein BatA is a protective antigen against lethal aerosol infection withVaccine: X · 2019Article
- Characterization of Antibiotic-Susceptibility Patterns, Virulence Factor Profiles and Clonal Relatedness inInfection and drug resistance · 2019Article
- Pathogenesis ofEcoSal Plus · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by Proteus mirabilis are associated with severe pathology in the bladder and kidney. To investigate the roles of two established cytotoxins, the HpmA hemolysin, a secreted cytotoxin, and proteus toxic agglutinin (Pta), a surface-associated cytotoxin, mutant analysis was used in conjunction with a mouse model of ascending UTI. Inactivation of pta, but not inactivation of hpmA, resulted in significant decreases in the bacterial loads of the mutant in kidneys (P < 0.01) and spleens (P < 0.05) compared to the bacterial loads of the wild type; the 50% infective dose (ID(50)) of an isogenic pta mutant or hpmA pta double mutant was 100-fold higher (5 x 10(8) CFU) than the ID(50) of parent strain HI4320 (5 x 10(6) CFU). Colonization by the parent strain caused severe cystitis and interstitial nephritis as determined by histopathological examination. Mice infected with the same bacterial load of the hpmA pta double mutant showed significantly reduced pathology (P < 0.01), suggesting that the additive effect of these two cytotoxins is critical during Proteus infection. Since Pta is surface associated and important for the persistence of P. mirabilis in the host, it was selected as a vaccine candidate. Mice intranasally vaccinated with a site-directed (indicated by an asterisk) (S366A) mutant purified intact toxin (Pta*) or the passenger domain Pta-alpha*, each independently conjugated with cholera toxin (CT), had significantly lower bacterial counts in their kidneys ( P = 0.001) and spleens (P = 0.002) than mice that received CT alone. The serum immunoglobulin G levels correlated with protection (P = 0.03). This is the first report describing the in vivo cytotoxicity and antigenicity of an autotransporter in P. mirabilis and its use in vaccine development.
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