ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2009
The CTCF insulator protein is posttranslationally modified by SUMO.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- cPRC1.2 and CTCF-mediated transition from poised to active chromatin loops at bivalent genes.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Re-establishment of TAD boundary organization during DNA replication.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Molecular Mimics: How Viral Genomes Dupe Their Host by Usurping CTCF to Establish Infection.Viruses · 2026Review
- Ectopic Recruitment of the CTCF N-Terminal Domain with Two Proximal Zinc-Finger Domains as a Tool for 3D Genome Engineering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Multifaceted role of CTCF in X-chromosome inactivation.Chromosoma · 2024Review
- A continuum of zinc finger transcription factor retention on native chromatin underlies dynamic genome organization.Molecular systems biology · 2024Article
- DeSUMOylation of chromatin-bound proteins limits the rapid transcriptional reprogramming induced by daunorubicin in acute myeloid leukemias.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Paradoxes of Cellular SUMOylation Regulation: A Role of Biomolecular Condensates?Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Recent advances in chromosome capture techniques unraveling 3D genome architecture in germ cells, health, and disease.Functional & integrative genomics · 2023Review
- CTCF acetylation at lysine 20 is required for the early cardiac mesoderm differentiation of embryonic stem cells.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2022Article
- Review
- CTCF organizes inter-A compartment interactions through RYBP-dependent phase separation.Cell research · 2022Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of TP53 Pathway Inactivation in Embryonic and Somatic Cells-Relevance for Understanding (Germ Cell) Tumorigenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Regulation of 3D chromatin organization by CTCF.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2021Review
- SUMO and Transcriptional Regulation: The Lessons of Large-Scale Proteomic, Modifomic and Genomic Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- SALL1 Modulates CBX4 Stability, Nuclear Bodies, and Regulation of Target Genes.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- CTCF as a boundary factor for cohesin-mediated loop extrusion: evidence for a multi-step mechanism.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2020Review
- Article
- Molecular basis of CTCF binding polarity in genome folding.Nature communications · 2020Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The CTCF protein is a highly conserved zinc finger protein that is implicated in many aspects of gene regulation and nuclear organization. Its functions include the ability to act as a repressor of genes, including the c-myc oncogene. In this paper, we show that the CTCF protein can be posttranslationally modified by the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO. CTCF is SUMOylated both in vivo and in vitro, and we identify two major sites of SUMOylation in the protein. The posttranslational modification of CTCF by the SUMO proteins does not affect its ability to bind to DNA in vitro. SUMOylation of CTCF contributes to the repressive function of CTCF on the c-myc P2 promoter. We also found that CTCF and the repressive Polycomb protein, Pc2, are colocalized to nuclear Polycomb bodies. The Pc2 protein may act as a SUMO E3 ligase for CTCF, strongly enhancing its modification by SUMO 2 and 3. These studies expand the repertoire of posttranslational modifications of CTCF and suggest roles for such modifications in its regulation of epigenetic states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.