ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2009
Production of pyomelanin, a second type of melanin, via the tyrosine degradation pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers.
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Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 246 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- Shared Plant-human Biology: Herbicide Effects and New Biomarkers Perspectives.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Biosynthesis of pyomelanin from methanol with engineered Komagataella phaffii and its characterizations.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic insights into the role of CmLec4 in infection and development of Cordyceps militaris.AMB Express · 2026Article
- Microbial melanin: biosynthesis, functional Insights, and emerging research challenges.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Phenotypic and genotypic differences between bloodstream and non-bloodMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- A stress responsive protein contributes to pyomelanin biosynthesis and cell wall stress adaptation inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Natural pigments derived from plants and microorganisms: classification, biosynthesis, and applications.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Regulation of melanin production in fungi.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2025Review
- The proteomic response ofmicroLife · 2025Article
- Genomic features of lichen-associated black fungi.IUBMB life · 2025Article
- Melanin in fungi: advances in structure, biosynthesis, regulation, and metabolic engineering.Microbial cell factories · 2024Review
- Deletion of the polyketide synthase-encoding gene pks1 prevents melanization in the extremophilic fungus Cryomyces antarcticus.IUBMB life · 2024Article
- CLOCI: unveiling cryptic fungal gene clusters with generalized detection.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Accumulated melanin in molds provides wavelength-dependent UV tolerance.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024Article
- Inkjet-Printed Bio-Based Melanin Composite Humidity Sensor for Sustainable Electronics.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Uncovering the Role of Autochthonous Deteriogenic Biofilm Community: Rožanec Mithraeum Monument (Slovenia).Microbial ecology · 2024Article
- Metabolic engineering of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for the improved production of phenylpropanoids.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important airborne fungal pathogen of immunosuppressed humans. A. fumigatus is able to produce dihydroxynaphthalene melanin, which is predominantly present in the conidia. Its biosynthesis is an important virulence determinant. Here, we show that A. fumigatus is able to produce an alternative melanin, i.e., pyomelanin, by a different pathway, starting from L-tyrosine. Proteome analysis indicated that the l-tyrosine degradation enzymes are synthesized when the fungus is grown with L-tyrosine in the medium. To investigate the pathway in detail, we deleted the genes encoding essential enzymes for pigment production, homogentisate dioxygenase (hmgA) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (hppD). Comparative Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of synthetic pyomelanin and pigment extracted from A. fumigatus cultures confirmed the identity of the observed pigment as pyomelanin. In the hmgA deletion strain, HmgA activity was abolished and the accumulation of homogentisic acid provoked an increased pigment formation. In contrast, homogentisic acid and pyomelanin were not observed with an hppD deletion mutant. Germlings of the hppD deletion mutant showed an increased sensitivity to reactive oxygen intermediates. The transcription of both studied genes was induced by L-tyrosine. These results confirmed the function of the deleted genes and the predicted pathway in A. fumigatus. Homogentisic acid is the major intermediate, and the L-tyrosine degradation pathway leading to pyomelanin is similar to that in humans leading to alkaptomelanin.
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