Trial reportThe American journal of cardiology2008
Usefulness of immunosuppression for giant cell myocarditis.
Trial report in The American journal of cardiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 312 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunosuppressive therapy in patients with biopsy-proven inflammatory myocardial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Brazilian Society of Cardiology Guideline on Myocarditis - 2022.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2022Guideline
- Immunomodulatory treatment for lymphocytic myocarditis-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Heart failure reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Global epidemiology of myocarditis: disparities in age, sex and geography.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Giant cell myocarditis: from immune pathogenesis to contemporary management.Heart failure reviews · 2026Review
- The Role of the Pan-Immune-Inflammatory-Value Index in Predicting Hospital Stay Duration in Patients with Myocarditis.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Pediatric Myocarditis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment.Paediatric drugs · 2026Review
- Impact of Early Diagnosis and Immunosuppressive Therapy on Giant Cell Myocarditis Outcomes: A Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options in Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Myocarditis in the Modern Era: Navigating Diagnosis, Innovative Treatments, the COVID-19 Challenge and the Role of Artificial Intelligence.Cardiology research and practice · 2026Review
- Giant Cell Myocarditis Presenting With Cardiogenic Shock: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- The role of cardiac lymphatic dysfunction in the progression of myocarditis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Fulminant Cardiac Sarcoidosis Successfully Treated With Aggressive Immunosuppressive Therapy.Case reports in cardiology · 2025Article
- A giant and rapid myocardial remodeling due to fatal giant cell myocarditis: a case report.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Giant cell myocarditis with prolonged cardiac standstill after drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome: a case report.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
- Complete remission of giant cell myocarditis by prednisolone monotherapy: A case with mild inflammation demonstrated by mismatch between T2-high intensity areas and late gadolinium enhancement.Journal of cardiology cases · 2024Article
- Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems in Fulminant Myocarditis: Recent Advances and Outlook.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- New insights into the role of mitochondrial metabolic dysregulation and immune infiltration in septic cardiomyopathy by integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Article
- Advances in myocarditis management in the light of the latest research and recent guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology.Cardiology journal · 2024Review
- The Epidemiology of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis.Advances in medicine · 2024Review
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare and highly lethal disorder. The only multicenter case series with treatment data lacked cardiac function assessments and had a retrospective design. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study of immunosuppression including cyclosporine and steroids for acute, microscopically-confirmed GCM. From June 1999 to June 2005 in a standard protocol, 11 subjects received high dose steroids and cyclosporine, and 9 subjects received muromonab-CD3. In these, 7 of 11 were women, the mean age was 60 +/- 15 years, and the mean time from symptom onset to presentation was 27 +/- 33 days. During 1 year of treatment, 1 subject died of respiratory complications on day 178, and 2 subjects received heart transplantations on days 2 and 27, respectively. Serial endomyocardial biopsies revealed that after 4 weeks of treatment the degree of necrosis, cellular inflammation, and giant cells decreased (p = 0.001). One patient who completed the trial subsequently died of a fatal GCM recurrence after withdrawal of immunosuppression. Her case demonstrates for the first time that there is a risk of recurrent, sometimes fatal, GCM after cessation of immunosuppression. In conclusion, this prospective study of immunosuppression for GCM confirms retrospective case reports that such therapy improves long-term survival. Additionally, withdrawal of immunosuppression can be associated with fatal GCM recurrence.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.