ArticleJournal of virology2009
In vivo fitness cost of the M184V mutation in multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the absence of lamivudine.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load Is Elevated in Individuals With Reverse-Transcriptase Mutation M184V/I During Virological Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Is Associated With Compensatory Mutation L74I.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first-line antiretroviral therapy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2010Pooled it
- Dolutegravir-lamivudine as initial therapy in HIV-1 infected, ARV-naive patients, 48-week results of the PADDLE (Pilot Antiretroviral Design with Dolutegravir LamivudinE) study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Trial
- Preexposure prophylaxis-selected drug resistance decays rapidly after drug cessation.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Vicriviroc resistance decay and relative replicative fitness in HIV-1 clinical isolates under sequential drug selection pressures.Journal of virology · 2012Trial
- Acquired HIV-1 drug resistance to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors among people failing antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon and implications for future treatment options.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Consensus Sequences forViruses · 2025Article
- Prevalence and transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among patients with treatment failure and newly diagnosed people in Liangshan Prefecture, China, in 2021-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- HIV transmission dynamics and population-wide drug resistance in rural South Africa.Nature communications · 2024Article
- HIV transmission dynamics and population-wide drug resistance in rural South Africa.Research square · 2023Article
- Drug Resistance, Rather than Low Tenofovir Levels in Blood or Urine, Is Associated with Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, and Efavirenz Failure in Resource-Limited Settings.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
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- HIV Drug Resistance Mutations Detection by Next-Generation Sequencing during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption in China.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Continuation of emtricitabine/lamivudine within combination antiretroviral therapy following detection of the M184V/I HIV-1 resistance mutation.HIV medicine · 2020Article
- Dolutegravir And Lamivudine Combination For The Treatment Of HIV-1 Infection.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Review
- Impact of Antiretroviral Regimens on Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Escape in a Prospective Multicohort Study of Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Adults in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- Impact of the M184V Resistance Mutation on Virological Efficacy and Durability of Lamivudine-Based Dual Antiretroviral Regimens as Maintenance Therapy in Individuals With Suppressed HIV-1 RNA: A Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Emerging reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV-1 infection.Expert opinion on emerging drugs · 2018Review
- Quasispecies and virus.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lamivudine therapy selects for the M184V mutation. Although this mutation reduces the replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro, its impact on viral fitness in vivo has not been well defined. We used quantitative allele-specific PCR to precisely calculate the fitness differences between the mutated M184V virus and one that had reverted to the wild type in a cohort of patients by selectively interrupting reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy, and we found that the M184V variants were consistently 4 to 8% less fit than the wild type in the absence of drug. After a lag phase of variable duration, wild-type variants emerged due to continued evolution of pol and back mutation rather than through emergence of an archived wild-type variant.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.