ArticleJournal of virology2009
Hepatitis C virus neuroinvasion: identification of infected cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis C virus infection and Parkinson's disease: insights from a joint sex-stratified BioOptimatics meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Depressive symptoms in chronic hepatitis C are associated with plasma apolipoprotein E deficiency.Metabolic brain disease · 2014Trial
- Association between viral hepatitis and depressive symptoms: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of Direct-Acting Antivirals on Extrahepatic Manifestations in Chronic Hepatitis C: A Narrative Review with a Hermeneutic Approach.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Long-Term Follow-Up of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms After Sustained Virological Response to Interferon-Free and Interferon-Based Hepatitis C Virus Treatment.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Article
- Viruses and psychiatric disorders: We have not crossed the borderline from hypothesis to proof yet (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) positively affect depression and cognitive function in patients with chronic hepatitis C.PloS one · 2025Article
- Update: Protective and risk factors for Parkinson disease.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Review
- Characterization of the brain virome in human immunodeficiency virus infection and substance use disorder.PloS one · 2024Article
- Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: Correlation with Viral Replication in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Cytokines in Serum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and Neurocognitive Impairment in Subjects with Mild Liver Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Neuropathologic Findings in Elderly HIV-Positive Individuals.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2022Article
- Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis: The Light at the End of the Tunnel?Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Role of hepatitis c virus in hepatocellular carcinoma and neurological disorders: an overview.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Review
- Neurological and psychiatric effects of hepatitis C virus infection.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and Hepatitis C-a case report and literature review.Clinical case reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Infection and Risk of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2021Review
- Various miRNAs compensate the role of miR-122 on HCV replication.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often is associated with cognitive dysfunction and depression. HCV sequences and replicative forms were detected in autopsy brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid from infected patients, suggesting direct neuroinvasion. However, the phenotype of cells harboring HCV in brain remains unclear. We studied autopsy brain tissue from 12 HCV-infected patients, 6 of whom were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus. Cryostat sections of frontal cortex and subcortical white matter were stained with monoclonal antibodies specific for microglia/macrophages (CD68), oligodendrocytes (2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase), astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), and neurons (neuronal-specific nuclear protein); separated by laser capture microscopy (LCM); and tested for the presence of positive- and negative-strand HCV RNA. Sections also were stained with antibodies to viral nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), separated by LCM, and phenotyped by real-time PCR. Finally, sections were double stained with antibodies specific for the cell phenotype and HCV NS3. HCV RNA was detected in CD68-positive cells in eight patients, and negative-strand HCV RNA, which is a viral replicative form, was found in three of these patients. HCV RNA also was found in astrocytes from three patients, but negative-strand RNA was not detected in these cells. In double immunostaining, 83 to 95% of cells positive for HCV NS3 also were CD68 positive, while 4 to 29% were GFAP positive. NS3-positive cells were negative for neuron and oligodendrocyte phenotypic markers. In conclusion, HCV infects brain microglia/macrophages and, to a lesser extent, astrocytes. Our findings could explain the biological basis of neurocognitive abnormalities in HCV infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.