ArticleJournal of virology2009
Estimating the stoichiometry of human immunodeficiency virus entry.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characterization of full-length and cytoplasmic tail-truncated envelope glycoproteins incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) virions and virus-like particles.Journal of virology · 2025Article
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- The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein: structure, function and interactions with neutralizing antibodies.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
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- Entry of Enveloped Viruses into Host Cells: Membrane Fusion.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Glycan heterogeneity as a cause of the persistent fraction in HIV-1 neutralization.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Restriction of Influenza A Virus by SERINC5.mBio · 2022Article
- Measuring single-virus fusion kinetics using an assay for nucleic acid exposure.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Computational methods to study enveloped viral entry.Biochemical Society transactions · 2021Review
- Review
- Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Targeting TMPRSS2 and Cathepsin B/L together may be synergistic against SARS-CoV-2 infection.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- The role of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 virus infection.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2020Review
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- Nucleic acid-based therapy for coronavirus disease 2019.Heliyon · 2020Review
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- A biophysical perspective on receptor-mediated virus entry with a focus on HIV.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2020Review
- An Evidence Based Perspective on mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To enter target cells, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) first attaches to the cells and fuses with the cell membrane. Attachment and fusion involve envelope glycoprotein trimers on the surface of the virion and the CD4 receptor and chemokine coreceptors on the surface of the target cell. The stoichiometry of entry, that is, the number of bonds between such trimers and CD4 that are required for infection, is unknown. Pseudotyped virions that express mixed trimers consisting of functional and nonfunctional envelope proteins have been used to study how many trimer-receptor interactions are required for virus entry. However, to extract information on the stoichiometry of entry from data generated in in vitro infectivity assays with such viruses, mathematical models are required. Here, we describe mathematical models that can be used to infer the stoichiometry of entry. By fitting our simplest model to previously published data (X. Yang, S. Kurteva, X. Ren, S. Lee, and J. Sodroski, J. Virol. 79: 12132-12147, 2005), we estimated that the number of trimer-receptor interactions required for HIV to infect a target cell is approximately eight, which is higher than previous estimates. We also consider model extensions that explain some systematic deviations of the data from the prediction of the simplest model. However, these extended models yield very different estimates of the stoichiometry of entry ranging from 2 to 19. These results strongly suggest that, based on our present knowledge of HIV entry, the stoichiometry of this process cannot be reliably estimated. Our study identifies parameters that need to be defined to render the estimation of the stoichiometry of HIV entry possible.
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