ReviewCancer science2009
Role of iron in carcinogenesis: cancer as a ferrotoxic disease.
Review in Cancer science, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03696797 (Iron Reduction by Phlebotomy for the Treatment of Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 194 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Iron Reduction by Phlebotomy for the Treatment of Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 552 citations in OpenAlex.
- A case-control study in Taiwanese cohort and meta-analysis of serum ferritin in pancreatic cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Iron intake, body iron status, and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2019Pooled it
- Iron-catalyzed oxidative stress reveals an exposome-related ferroptosis-resistant karyomegalic niche in BRCA1-linked renal carcinogenesis.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Biomechanics and Oxidative Stress: An Integrative Review of the Redox-Mechanobiological Axis and the Role of Trace Elements in Disease.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- SUV39H2-mediated NCOA4 methylation controls ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Integrated Elementomics-Genomics-Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Plasma Biomarker Networks and Diagnostic Potential for Gastric Cancer.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Naturally occurring asbestos and its possible environmental and health implications in the Basilicata region (Southern Italy).Environmental geochemistry and health · 2026Article
- A fistful of iron: ferritin as a vulnerability point of the brain cancers.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Dietary Iron Intake and Risk of Gastric Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Role of ALDH2 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: using ALDH2 as a potential therapeutic target.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Tissue Iron Predicts Metformin Responsiveness in a Mouse Model and in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Occupational and environmental iron exposure: a hidden risk factor in breast cancer etiology.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis and cancer: when iron turns against tumors.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- Exploring the Inhibitory Potential of Six Porphyrin Compounds Against α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Linked to Diabetes.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Preventive Effects of Vanillic Acid Against Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Dust Particles in Wistar Rats.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- The Impact of Iron on Cancer-Related Immune Functions in Oncology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence.Cancers · 2024Review
- Prognostic iron-metabolism signature robustly stratifies single-cell characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- The recent advancements of ferroptosis of gynecological cancer.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Development of a NIR Iridium(III) Complex-Based Probe for the Selective Detection of Iron(II) Ions.Biosensors · 2024Article
- Associations between modifiable risk factors and hepatocellular carcinoma: a trans-ancestry Mendelian randomization study.BMC cancer · 2024Article
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iron is abundant universally. During the evolutionary processes, humans have selected iron as a carrier of oxygen inside the body. However, iron works as a double-edged sword, and its excess is a risk for cancer, presumably via generation of reactive oxygen species. Thus far, pathological conditions such as hemochromatosis, chronic viral hepatitis B and C, exposure to asbestos fibers, as well as endometriosis have been recognized as iron overload-associated risks for human cancer. Indeed, iron is carcinogenic in animal experiments. These reports unexpectedly revealed that there are target genes in iron-induced carcinogenesis and that iron-catalyzed oxidative DNA damage is not random in vivo. Several iron transporters and hepcidin, a peptide hormone regulating iron metabolism, were discovered in the past decade. Furthermore, a recent epidemiological study reported that iron reduction by phlebotomy decreased cancer risk in the apparently normal population. These results warrant reconsideration of the role of iron in carcinogenesis and suggest that fine control of body iron stores would be a wise strategy for cancer prevention.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.