ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2008
Deficiency of HIV-Gag-specific T cells in early childhood correlates with poor viral containment.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune signatures and biomarkers of viral control in early-treated children with HIV: insights informing intervention.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Liver stage P. falciparum antigens highly targeted by CD4+ T cells in malaria-exposed Ugandan children.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Accelerated CD8iScience · 2024Article
- An immunoinformatics study reveals a new BoLA-DR-restricted CD4+ T cell epitopes on the Gag protein of bovine leukemia virus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Two Distinct Mechanisms Leading to Loss of Virological Control in the Rare Group of Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive, Transiently Aviremic Children Living with HIV.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Role of Early Life Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cell Immunity in Paediatric HIV Cure/Remission in the Anti-Retroviral Therapy Era.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Understanding Early-Life Adaptive Immunity to Guide Interventions for Pediatric Health.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery Outcomes of Perinatally vs Nonperinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pregnant Women in the United States: Results From the PHACS SMARTT Study and IMPAACT P1025 Protocol.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
- Conserved HIV-1 Gag p24 Epitopes Elicit Cellular Immune Responses That Impact Disease Outcome.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Article
- Obstetrical, maternal characteristics and outcome of HIV-infected rapid progressor infants at Yaounde: a retrospective study.Translational pediatrics · 2016Article
- Reduced frequencies of polyfunctional CMV-specific T cell responses in infants with congenital CMV infection.Journal of clinical immunology · 2015Article
- Growth patterns in the first year of life differ in infants born to perinatally vs. nonperinatally HIV-infected women.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
- Immunity to HIV in Early Life.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- The T-cell response to HIV.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2012Review
- The impact of differential antiviral immunity in children and adults.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2012Review
- Small for gestational age birth outcomes in pregnant women with perinatally acquired HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2012Article
- Characterization of HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses against peptides selected with broad population and pathogen coverage.PloS one · 2012Article
- HIV-specific gag responses in early infancy correlate with clinical outcome and inversely with viral load.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2011Article
- Short communication: CD8(+) T cell polyfunctionality profiles in progressive and nonprogressive pediatric HIV type 1 infection.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Perinatal HIV infection is characterized by a sustained high-level viremia and a high risk of rapid progression to AIDS, indicating a failure of immunologic containment of the virus. We hypothesized that age-related differences in the specificity or function of HIV-specific T cells may influence HIV RNA levels and clinical outcome following perinatal infection. In this study, we defined the HIV epitopes targeted by 76 pediatric subjects (47 HIV infected and 29 HIV exposed, but uninfected), and assessed the ability of HIV-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells to degranulate and produce IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. No responses were detected among HIV-uninfected infants, whereas responses among infected subjects increased in magnitude and breadth with age. Gag-specific responses were uncommon during early infancy, and their frequency was significantly lower among children younger than 24 mo old (p = 0.014). Importantly, Gag responders exhibited significantly lower HIV RNA levels than nonresponders (log viral load 5.8 vs 5.0; p = 0.005). Both the total and Gag-specific T cell frequency correlated inversely with viral load after correction for age, whereas no relationship with targeting of other viral proteins was observed. Functional assessment of HIV-specific T cells by multiparameter flow cytometry revealed that polyfunctional CD8 cells were less prevalent in children before 24 mo of age, and that HIV-specific CD4 cell responses were of universally low frequency among antiretroviral-naive children and absent in young infants. These cross-sectional data suggest that qualitative differences in the CD8 response, combined with a deficiency of HIV-specific CD4 cells, may contribute to the inability of young infants to limit replication of HIV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.