ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2008
The dopamine receptor D4 7-repeat allele and prenatal smoking in ADHD-affected children and their unaffected siblings: no gene-environment interaction.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine exposure and offspring externalizing disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Early environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders - a systematic review of twin and sibling studies.Development and psychopathology · 2021Pooled it
- The prevalence of psychopathology in siblings of children with mental health problems: a 20-year systematic review.Child psychiatry and human development · 2015Pooled it
- Prenatal risk factors and genetic causes of ADHD in children.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2022Review
- The Interplay Between Prenatal Adversity, Offspring Dopaminergic Genes, and Early Parenting on Toddler Attentional Function.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Predicted DRD4 prefrontal gene expression moderates snack intake and stress perception in response to the environment in adolescents.PloS one · 2020Article
- Effects of dopaminergic genes, prenatal adversities, and their interaction on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and neural correlates of response inhibition.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2017Article
- Physical, behavioral, and cognitive effects of prenatal tobacco and postnatal secondhand smoke exposure.Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · 2014Review
- Zinc, ferritin, magnesium and copper in a group of Egyptian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2011Article
- Measured gene-by-environment interaction in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2010Review
- Gene-environment interactions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Current psychiatry reports · 2009Review
- Developmental origins of child mental health disorders.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) 7-repeat allele and maternal smoking during pregnancy are both considered as risk factors in the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have been conducted on their interactive effects in causing ADHD. The purpose of this study is to examine the gene by environment (GxE) interaction of the DRD4 7-repeat allele and smoking during pregnancy on ADHD and oppositional behavior in families from the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics project; and further, to test the hypothesis that the direction of effect of the DRD4 7-repeat allele differs between ADHD affected and unaffected children.
methodsLinear mixed models were used to assess main and interactive effects of the DRD4 7-repeat allele and smoking during pregnancy in 539 ADHD-affected children and their 407 unaffected siblings, aged 6-17 years.
resultsThere was some evidence pointing to differential effects of the DRD4 7-repeat allele on ADHD and oppositional symptoms in the affected (fewer symptoms) and unaffected children (increasing ADHD symptoms of teacher ratings). Affected children were more often exposed to prenatal smoking than unaffected children. There were limited main effects of prenatal smoking on severity of symptoms. Given the number of tests performed, no indication was found for GxE interactions.
conclusionDespite the large sample size, no GxE interactions were found. The impact of the DRD4 7-repeat allele might differ, depending on affected status and rater. This finding is discussed in terms of differences in the activity of the dopaminergic system and of different genes involved in rater-specific behaviors.
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