ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2009
HIV prevalence rates among injection drug users in 96 large US metropolitan areas, 1992-2002.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Project CHARIOT: study protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study of comprehensive tele-harm reduction for engagement of people who inject drugs in HIV prevention services.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Egocentric network characteristics of people who inject drugs in the Chicago metro area and associations with hepatitis C virus and injection risk behavior.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Trends over time in HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs in 89 large US metropolitan statistical areas, 1992-2013.Annals of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Baseline differences in characteristics and risk behaviors among people who inject drugs by syringe exchange program modality: an analysis of the Miami IDEA syringe exchange.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
- Heroin type, injecting behavior, and HIV transmission. A simulation model of HIV incidence and prevalence.PloS one · 2019Article
- Sex under Influence of Drugs: A Nationwide Survey among Iranian Female Sex Workers.Addiction & health · 2018Article
- Estimating the Size of the MSM Population in Metro Vancouver, Canada, Using Multiple Methods and Diverse Data Sources.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2018Article
- The Effectiveness of the Harm Reduction Group Therapy Based on Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory on Risky Behaviors of Drug-Dependent Sex Worker Women.Addiction & health · 2017Article
- Acute HIV infection transmission among people who inject drugs in a mature epidemic setting.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- Associations of place characteristics with HIV and HCV risk behaviors among racial/ethnic groups of people who inject drugs in the United States.Annals of epidemiology · 2016Article
- Income inequality, drug-related arrests, and the health of people who inject drugs: Reflections on seventeen years of research.The International journal on drug policy · 2016Article
- Understanding the effects of different HIV transmission models in individual-based microsimulation of HIV epidemic dynamics in people who inject drugs.Epidemiology and infection · 2016Article
- Low Rates of Adoption and Implementation of Rapid HIV Testing in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2016Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Frequent HIV Testing of High-Risk Populations in the United States.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
- Modeling a dynamic bi-layer contact network of injection drug users and the spread of blood-borne infections.Mathematical biosciences · 2016Article
- Risk Environments, Race/Ethnicity, and HIV Status in a Large Sample of People Who Inject Drugs in the United States.PloS one · 2016Article
- Comparison of Rapid Point-of-Care Tests for Detection of Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Correlates of HIV testing and receipt of test results in addiction health services in Los Angeles County.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2015Article
- State laws, syringe exchange, and HIV among persons who inject drugs in the United States: History and effectiveness.Journal of public health policy · 2015Article
- Female and male differences in AIDS diagnosis rates among people who inject drugs in large U.S. metro areas from 1993 to 2007.Annals of epidemiology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This research presents estimates of HIV prevalence rates among injection drug users (IDUs) in large US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) during 1992-2002. Trend data on HIV prevalence rates in geographic areas over time are important for research on determinants of changes in HIV among IDUs. Such data also provide a foundation for the design and implementation of structural interventions for preventing the spread of HIV among IDUs. Our estimates of HIV prevalence rates among IDUs in 96 US MSAs during 1992-2002 are derived from four independent sets of data: (1) research-based HIV prevalence rate estimates; (2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing data (CDC CTS); (3) data on the number of people living with AIDS compiled by the CDC (PLWAs); and (4) estimates of HIV prevalence in the US. From these, we calculated two independent sets of estimates: (1) calculating CTS-based Method (CBM) using regression adjustments to CDC CTS; and (2) calculating the PLWA-based Method (PBM) by taking the ratio of the number of injectors living with HIV to the numbers of injectors living in the MSA. We take the mean of CBM and PBM to calculate over all HIV prevalence rates for 1992-2002. We evaluated trends in IDU HIV prevalence rates by calculating estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) for each MSA. During 1992-2002, HIV prevalence rates declined in 85 (88.5%) of the 96 MSAs, with EAPCs ranging from -12.9% to -2.1% (mean EAPC=-6.5%; p<0.01). Across the 96 MSAs, collectively, the annual mean HIV prevalence rate declined from 11.2% in 1992 to 6.2 in 2002 (EAPC, -6.4%; p<0.01). Similarly, the median HIV prevalence rate declined from 8.1% to 4.4% (EAPC, -6.5%; p<0.01). The maximum HIV prevalence rate across the 11 years declined from 43.5% to 22.8% (EAPC, -6.7%; p<0.01). Declining HIV prevalence rates may reflect high continuing mortality among infected IDUs, as well as primary HIV prevention for non-infected IDUs and self-protection efforts by them. These results warrant further research into the population dynamics of disease progression, access to health services, and the effects of HIV prevention interventions for IDUs.
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