ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
Tracking the inflammatory response in stroke in vivo by sensing the enzyme myeloperoxidase.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 315 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of splenectomy in murine models of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Pooled it
- Complementary PET and MRI of myeloperoxidase activity as a noninvasive surrogate for tissue acrolein in experimental neuroinflammation.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Myeloperoxidase regulates hypoxia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in liver-spleen axis.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2026Article
- Review: Systemic inflammation after stroke. Therapy and perspective.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Myeloperoxidase as a therapeutic target for oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Inflammatory microenvironment-responsive MR imaging contrast agents.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- HMGB1: A New Target for Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Transformation.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- Association between serum myeloperoxidase enzyme activity and Parkinson's disease status.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Quantitative in Vivo Molecular MRI.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Review
- FRAME: flap endonuclease 1-engineered PAM module for precise and sensitive modulation of CRISPR/Cas12a trans-cleavage activity.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- A novel mouse model of hepatocyte-specific apoptosis-induced myeloid cell-dominant sterile liver injury and repair response.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2024Article
- Aging Intensifies Myeloperoxidase Activity after Ischemic Stroke.Aging and disease · 2024Article
- Reperfusion and cytoprotective agents are a mutually beneficial pair in ischaemic stroke therapy: an overview of pathophysiology, pharmacological targets and candidate drugs focusing on excitotoxicity and free radical.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2024Review
- Basic Science of Neuroinflammation and Involvement of the Inflammatory Response in Disorders of the Nervous System.Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Targeting brain-peripheral immune responses for secondary brain injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Hypochlorous acid derived from microglial myeloperoxidase could mediate high-mobility group box 1 release from neurons to amplify brain damage in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Effect of HDAC5 Binding and Cell Penetrating Peptide for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- Cocaine use is associated with cerebral white matter hyperintensities in HIV disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Article
- Pharmacological Inhibition of NHE1 Protein Increases White Matter Resilience and Neurofunctional Recovery after Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells ameliorate ischemic brain injury via promoting microglia/macrophages M2 polarization in MCAO Rats.Experimental brain research · 2023Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation can extend ischemic brain injury and adversely affect outcome in experimental animal models. A key difficulty in translating animal studies to humans is the lack of a definitive method to confirm and track inflammation in the brain in vivo. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key inflammatory enzyme secreted by activated neutrophils and macrophages/microglia, can generate highly reactive oxygen species to cause additional damage in cerebral ischemia. We report here that a functional, enzyme-activatable MRI agent can accurately track the oxidative activity of MPO noninvasively in stroke in living animals. We found that MPO is widely distributed in ischemic tissues, correlates positively with infarct size, and is detected even 3 weeks postinfarction. The peak level of MPO activity, determined by activation of the MPO-sensing agent in vivo and confirmed by MPO activity and quantitative RT-PCR assays, occurred on day 3 after ischemia. Both neutrophils and macrophages/microglia contribute to secrete MPO in the ischemic brain, although neutrophils peak earlier (days 1-3) whereas macrophages/microglia are most abundant later (days 3-7). In contrast to the conventional MRI agent diethylenetriamine-pentatacetate gadolinium, which reports blood-brain barrier disruption, MPO imaging is able to additionally track MPO activity and confirm inflammation on the molecular level in vivo, information that was previously only possible to obtain on ex vivo brain sections and impossible to assess in living human patients. Our findings could allow efficient noninvasive serial screening of therapies targeting inflammation and the use of MPO imaging as an imaging biomarker to risk-stratify patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.