ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2009
CTGF is increased in basal deposits and regulates matrix production through the ERK (p42/p44mapk) MAPK and the p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- An In Vitro Evaluation of a New Approach in AMD: Effects of the Combination of Resveratrol and Anti-VEGFs on ARPE-19 Cells.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Role and regulation of kinases in age-related macular degeneration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Aging in the Retina: The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Bruch's Membrane Pathology and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).Biomolecules · 2025Review
- JR5558 mice are a reliable model to investigate subretinal fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The mechanics of the retina: Müller glia role on retinal extracellular matrix and modelling.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Connective tissue growth factor: Role in trabecular meshwork remodeling and intraocular pressure lowering.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Targeting CCN2 protects against progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a preclinical model induced by high-fat feeding and type 2 diabetes.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2022Article
- Lipid accumulation and protein modifications of Bruch's membrane in age-related macular degeneration.International journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- APOE2 promotes the development and progression of subretinal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration via MAPKs signaling pathway.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2020Article
- miR-296-5p inhibits IL-1β-induced apoptosis and cartilage degradation in human chondrocytes by directly targeting TGF-β1/CTGF/p38MAPK pathway.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2020Article
- Induction of Fibrogenic Phenotype in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Connective Tissue Growth Factor in a Hydrogel Model of Soft Connective Tissue.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2019Article
- Differential expression of connective tissue growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor in the vitreous of patients with high myopia versus vitreomacular interface disease.BMC ophthalmology · 2019Observational
- Involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the expression of extracellular matrix genes in retinal pigment epithelial cells.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2018Article
- Research progress on the role of connective tissue growth factor in fibrosis of diabetic retinopathy.International journal of ophthalmology · 2018Review
- Substrate Stiffness Influences the Time Dependence of CTGF Protein Expression in Müller Cells.International physiology journal · 2018Article
- CTGF Contributes to the Development of Posterior Capsule Opacification: anInternational journal of biological sciences · 2018Article
- Minireview: Fibronectin in retinal disease.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2017Review
- Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of CXCL8/IL-8 gene expression induced by connective tissue growth factor.Immunologic research · 2016Article
- Two Bioactive Molecular Weight Fractions of a Conditioned Medium Enhance RPE Cell Survival on Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Aged Bruch's Membrane.Translational vision science & technology · 2016Article
- Molecular mechanisms of subretinal fibrosis in age-related macular degeneration.Experimental eye research · 2016Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMatrix expansion is an early change in age-related maculopathy. The aim of this study was to determine whether connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulates the production of extracellular matrix components by retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells.
methodsARPE-19 cells were treated with CTGF and analyzed for fibronectin, laminin, and MMP-2 by RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, or zymography. Cells were also pretreated with an MEK-1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) or a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and an anti-CTGF antibody to analyze the signaling contributing to fibronectin, laminin, and MMP-2 production. Human maculas were analyzed for mRNA using laser capture microdissected RPE cells and by immunohistochemistry for the topographic distribution of CTGF.
resultsCTGF induced fibronectin mRNA (P=0.006) and protein (P=0.006), and laminin mRNA (P=0.006) and protein (P=0.02) by ARPE-19 cells. CTGF also induced MMP-2 mRNA (P=0.002) and protein secretion (P=0.04). Using zymography, CTGF increased the latent and active forms of MMP-2 compared to controls (P=0.02). An anti-CTGF antibody inhibited fibronectin, laminin, and MMP-2 after CTGF stimulation. CTGF increased the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2. Fibronectin and MMP-2 mRNA and protein were suppressed by a MEK-1/2 inhibitor, but not with a p38 inhibitor. Laminin expression was suppressed by both inhibitors. RT-qPCR analysis showed that macular RPE cells from human donors express CTGF. Immunohistochemistry of human maculas showed strong labeling of CTGF in Bruch membrane, including basal deposits and drusen.
conclusionsCTGF is increased in basal deposits and drusen of AMD specimens, and it induces matrix protein production in ARPE-19 cells through the ERK (p42/p44(mapk)) and p38(mapk) signaling pathways.
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