ArticlePLoS pathogens2008
Cryoelectron tomography of HIV-1 envelope spikes: further evidence for tripod-like legs.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- IFITM1 and IFITM3 Proteins Inhibit the Infectivity of Progeny HIV-1 without Disrupting Envelope Glycoprotein Clusters.Viruses · 2023Article
- Antibody Recognition of CD4-Induced Open HIV-1 Env Trimers.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Dynamic HIV-1 spike motion creates vulnerability for its membrane-bound tripod to antibody attack.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Segmentation by classification: A novel and reliable approach for semi-automatic selection of HIV/SIV envelope spikes.Journal of structural biology · 2020Article
- Article
- Topological analysis of the gp41 MPER on lipid bilayers relevant to the metastable HIV-1 envelope prefusion state.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Optimized protocol for detection of native, full-length HIV-1 envelope on the surface of transfected cells.Health science reports · 2018Article
- Big data in cryoEM: automated collection, processing and accessibility of EM data.Current opinion in microbiology · 2018Review
- Recent advances in retroviruses via cryo-electron microscopy.Retrovirology · 2018Review
- Lipid interactions and angle of approach to the HIV-1 viral membrane of broadly neutralizing antibody 10E8: Insights for vaccine and therapeutic design.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Mathematical model of multivalent virus-antibody complex formation in humans following acute and chronic HIV infections.Journal of mathematical biology · 2015Article
- Insights into the trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein structure.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2015Review
- HIV-2 interaction with cell coreceptors: amino acids within the V1/V2 region of viral envelope are determinant for CCR8, CCR5 and CXCR4 usage.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- Trimeric HIV Env provides epitope occlusion mediated by hypervariable loops.Scientific reports · 2014Article
- Visualization of retroviral envelope spikes in complex with the V3 loop antibody 447-52D on intact viruses by cryo-electron tomography.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Catching HIV 'in the act' with 3D electron microscopy.Trends in microbiology · 2013Review
- Cryo-electron tomography of bacterial viruses.Virology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the morphology of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) spike is key to understanding viral pathogenesis and for informed vaccine design. We have previously presented a cryoelectron microscopic tomogram (cryoET) of the Env spikes on SIV virions. Several structural features were noted in the gp120 head and gp41 stalk regions. Perhaps most notable was the presence of three splayed legs projecting obliquely from the base of the spike head toward the viral membrane. Subsequently, a second 3D image of SIV spikes, also obtained by cryoET, was published by another group which featured a compact vertical stalk. We now report the cryoET analysis of HIV-1 virion-associated Env spikes using enhanced analytical cryoET procedures. More than 2,000 Env spike volumes were initially selected, aligned, and sorted into structural classes using algorithms that compensate for the "missing wedge" and do not impose any symmetry. The results show varying morphologies between structural classes: some classes showed trimers in the head domains; nearly all showed two or three legs, though unambiguous three-fold symmetry was not observed either in the heads or the legs. Subsequently, clearer evidence of trimeric head domains and three splayed legs emerged when head and leg volumes were independently aligned and classified. These data show that HIV-1, like SIV, also displays the tripod-like leg configuration, and, unexpectedly, shows considerable gp41 leg flexibility/heteromorphology. The tripod-like model for gp41 is consistent with, and helps explain, many of the unique biophysical and immunological features of this region.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.