ArticleAmerican journal of public health2009
Hand washing among school children in Bogotá, Colombia.
Article in American journal of public health, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of school-based hygiene intervention programme: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools in Low-Income Countries: A Review of Evidence of Impact.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Water and sanitation in schools: a systematic review of the health and educational outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2012Pooled it
- Household determinants of observed handwashing among primary schoolchildren in Hebron, Palestine: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Trial
- Effect of a theory-based hand hygiene educational intervention for enhancing behavioural outcomes in Ghanaian schools: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.International journal of public health · 2020Trial
- Effectiveness of a Behavior Change Intervention with Hand Sanitizer Use and Respiratory Hygiene in Reducing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza among Schoolchildren in Bangladesh: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Trial
- Impact of regular soap provision to primary schools on hand washing and E. coli hand contamination among pupils in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster-randomized trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2013Trial
- Impact of a school-based hygiene promotion and sanitation intervention on pupil hand contamination in Western Kenya: a cluster randomized trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2012Trial
- Handwashing practices and associated factors among public primary schoolchildren in the Benadir Region, Somalia.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Effect of hand hygiene program among school children in Bangladesh.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Improving Hand Hygiene Skills Using Virtual Reality: Quasi-Experimental Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Baseline Assessment of Handwashing Behavior, Hand Hygiene Conditions, and Wellbeing in Primary Schools in Nigeria.International journal of public health · 2025Article
- Changes in handwashing knowledge, attitudes, and practices among primary schoolchildren in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of hygiene among children in schools of Central Kazakhstan: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Hand hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practice before, during and post COVID-19: a cross-sectional study among university students in the United Arab Emirates.Infection prevention in practice · 2024Article
- Handwashing Practices among Public Primary School Students in East Dembiya District, Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Examining the psychosocial drivers of handwashing behaviour among school children.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- Health Science Students' Perceptions of Hand Hygiene Education and Practice in a South African University: Introducing the University Hand Hygiene Improvement Model.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in schools in Brazil pre-and peri-COVID-19 pandemic: Are schools making any progress?International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe assessed hand-washing behaviors and intentions among school children in Bogotá, Colombia, to help identify and overcome barriers to proper hygiene practices.
methodsData on hand-washing behavior and intentions and individual and contextual factors were collected from 2042 sixth- through eighth-grade students in 25 schools in Bogotá via anonymous questionnaires. A member of the school administration or teaching staff completed a questionnaire about the school environment. Site inspections of bathroom facilities were conducted.
resultsOnly 33.6% of the sample reported always or very often washing hands with soap and clean water before eating and after using the toilet. About 7% of students reported regular access to soap and clean water at school. A high level of perceived control was the strongest predictor of positive hand-washing intentions (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]=4.8, 7.5). Students with proper hand-washing behavior were less likely to report previous-month gastrointestinal symptoms (OR=0.8; 95% CI=0.6, 0.9) or previous-year school absenteeism (OR=0.7; 95% CI=0.6, 0.9).
conclusionsScarcity of adequate facilities in most schools in Bogotá prevents children from adopting proper hygienic behavior and thwarts health promotion efforts. The current renovation program of public schools in Bogotá provides a unique opportunity to meet the challenges of providing a supportive environment for adoption of healthy behaviors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.