ArticleOligonucleotides2008
Immunological response to peptide nucleic acid and its peptide conjugate targeted to transactivation response (TAR) region of HIV-1 RNA genome.
Article in Oligonucleotides, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered miR-122 inhibitors preserve endothelial mitochondrial function and prevent vascular dysfunction in obesity-associated prediabetes.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Enhancing diabetes treatment by targeted nucleic acid and drug delivery using cell-penetrating peptides, peptide nucleic acids, and receptor targeting.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Review
- Unlocking the potential of chemically modified peptide nucleic acids for RNA-based therapeutics.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Antiviral Peptide-Based Conjugates: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- RNA Secondary Structure-Based Design of Antisense Peptide Nucleic Acids for Modulating Disease-Associated Aberrant Tau Pre-mRNA Alternative Splicing.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Feasibility of Affibody Molecule-Based PNA-Mediated Radionuclide Pretargeting of Malignant Tumors.Theranostics · 2016Article
- Design of embedded chimeric peptide nucleic acids that efficiently enter and accurately reactivate gene expression in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2010Article
- Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Antiviral Drug Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2010Review
- Prospects for antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) therapies for HIV.Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) polyamide (peptide) nucleic acids (PNAs) conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) targeted to the viral genome are potent virucidal and antiviral agents. Earlier, we have shown that the anti-HIV-1 PNA(TAR)-penetratin conjugate is rapidly taken up by cells and is nontoxic to mice when administered at repeat doses of as high as 100 mg/kg body weight. In the present studies we demonstrate that naked PNA(TAR) is immunologically inert as judged by the proliferation responses of splenocytes and lymph node cells from PNA(TAR)-immunized mice challenged with the immunizing antigen. In contrast, PNA(TAR)-penetratin conjugate is moderately immunogenic mainly due to its penetratin peptide component. Cytokine secretion profiles of the lymph node cells from the conjugate-immunized mice showed marginally elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which are known to promote proliferation of T lymphocytes. Since the candidate compound, PNA(TAR)-penetratin conjugate displays potent virucidal and antiviral activities against HIV-1, the favorable immunological response together with negligible toxicity suggest a strong therapeutic potential for this class of compounds.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.